Chp 14- Innate Immune System

Question 1

immune system that provides a non-specific type of defense via 1st line of defense (physical) and 2nd line of defense (cellular)

Answer 1

Innate/ Non Specific

Question 2

physical barrier that serves as body’s border; Why is it difficult for microbes to penetrate this barrier?

Answer 2

Skin; keratin roughness makes breach difficult, releases acid to kill bacteria (sweat)

Question 3

Innate Immune System is activated when ____?

Answer 3

Microbes penetrate 1st line of defense (physical barriers) , thus activating cellular defenses

Question 4

process of clearing away debris, dead cells and denatured proteins; Removal of foreign particles/ Microbial infections

Answer 4

phagocytosis

Question 5

4 Cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 5

Redness (rubor), Swelling (tumor), Pain (dolor), Heat (calor); sometimes loss of function

Question 6

results in vasodilation, leakage of fluid from vessels, and migration of leukocytes out of bloodstream

Answer 6

inflammatory process

Question 7

result of vasodilation/inflammation

Answer 7

More blood supply brings more leukocytes to area

Question 8

How does innate immune system recognize foreign materials like bacteria?

Answer 8

host’s Toll Like Receptors (TLRs) attach to Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns; TLRs induce cytokines that regulate intensity/duration of immune response),

Question 9

4 main phases of Phagocytosis

Answer 9

Chemotaxis, Adherence, Ingestion, Digestion

Question 10

event of phagocytosis where chemical attraction of the phagocytes to the microorganisms

Answer 10

chemotaxis

Question 11

event of phagocytosis where the attachment of the phagocyte’s plasma membrane binds to surface of the microbe/foreign material

Answer 11

adherence

Question 12

Adherence in phagocytosis is facilitated by

Answer 12

attachment of PAMPs of microbe, receptors of TLRs on surface of phagocyte, or mediated by antibodies or complement system (opsonization)

Question 13

event of phagocytosis where phagocyte extends its psuedopods that engulfs microbe, then plasma membrane fuses to form sac called phagosome

Answer 13

ingestion

Question 14

event of phagocytosis where phagosome detaches from plasma membrane & enters cytoplasm, combines with lysosome forming phagolysosome

Answer 14

Digestion

Question 15

Once content of phagolysosome is digested, leftover indigestible material in phagolysosome is called a

Answer 15

residual body

Question 16

when an infection occurs , ________ immune system is activated … _____ cells like ______ & ______ migrate to the infected area. Migration into the infected tissue stimulates the maturation of ________ into _______.

Answer 16

Innate; phagocytic ; neutrophils & monocytes; monocytes ; macrophages

Question 17

defensive system of 30 + proteins produced by liver, are not adaptable/do not change & circulate body; complement the immune system; can be activated to help destroy and remove invading microbes.

Answer 17

complement system

Question 18

Proteins of complement system are Inactive until they are split into

Answer 18

fragements (products)

Question 19

Proteins of the complement system destroy microbes by

Answer 19

cytolysis, inflammation, and phagocytosis

Question 20

Classical pathway of complement system requires

Answer 20

antibodies

Question 21

Classical pathway of complement system

Answer 21

Antibody molecules bind to an antigen (forming an antibody=antigen complex/ immune complex), C1 splits into C2 and C4 , which split into C2a & C2b/ C4a and C4b , C2a and C4b combine and activate into C3 which split into C3a and C3b

Question 22

Protective Outcomes of Complement System

Answer 22

Opsonization, Inflammation & Cytolysis

Question 23

immune process that uses opsonins/coating to tag foreign materials for elimination by phagocytosis; enhances phagocytosis via coating of microbes

Answer 23

opsonization

Question 24

bursting of cell (microbe) due to excess fluid entering

Answer 24

cytolysis

Question 25

increase of blood vessel permeability and attraction of phagocytes

Answer 25

inflammation

Question 26

Activation of Complement system leads to

Answer 26

MACs (Membrane Attack Complex’s), Opsonization, Inflammation