Chap 15- Adaptive I.S, Antigens & Antibodies Flashcards
this immune system provides defense against SPECIFIC PATHOGEN/ highly specific
Adaptive Immune System
first observed IMMUNITY after discovering how to make vaccines from weakened microbes
Louis Pasteur
discovered antibodies could be transferred by means of blood plasma, or serum; antitoxins treating diptheria
von Behring/ Ehrlich
dual nature of Adaptive immunity is demonstrated by
T cells (cellular immunity) and b cells (humoral immunity)
T and B cells develop from
stem cells in Red Bone Marrow
compounds that provoke a highly specific immune response; antibody generators
antigen
Example of non microbial antigens
Pollen; Egg white; Blood cell surface molecules (A, B, AB, O, and Rh); Serum proteins from another individual or species; Surface molecules of transplanted tissues and organs
small molecule that stimulates the production of antibody only when attached to a carrier molecule.
hapten
Why is penicillin an example of a hapten?
Penicillin by itself is not antigenic, but when combined with host proteins may cause allergic reaction
Two types of antigens
t dependent antigens, t independent antigens
type of antigen that requires confirmation of T helper cell to become activated
T DEPENDENT antigen (most antigens are t cell dependent)
can activate a B cell without confirmation from a T helper cell
T INDEPENDENT Antigen
globular protein made in response to antigen; Immunoglobin (Ig)
antibodies
Region of an antigen recognized by antibodies and antigen receptors on lymphocytes
epitope
How do antibodies recognize antigens??
They interact with the epitopes on the antigen
antibody structure consists of
2 heavy chains & 2 light chains
two identical sites on antibody that bind to epitope
antigen binding site
5 classes of Ig’s (immunoglobins/antibodies)
IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE
type of Ig that enhance phagocytosis, neutralize toxins and viruses, protects fetus and newborn; half life of 23 days; fix complement
igG (Y shaped)
Agglutinates microbes; first Ab produced in response to infection; fix complement
IgM
type of Ig that Agglutinates microbes; first Ab produced in response to infection; fixes complement; 5 day half life
serum (blood serum)
type of Ig that provides Mucosal protection
igA
type of iG that initiates immune response ON B CELLS
IgD
type of Ig On mast cells, on basophils, and in blood; allergic reactions; lysis of parasitic worms
IgE
