Bacterial Diseases of Lower Respiratory Tract- TB

Question 1

bacterial disease of lower respiratory tract that is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis; spreads from human to human transmission

Answer 1

tuberculosis

Question 2

Pathogenesis of TB

Answer 2

1. Alveoli macrophages ingest mycobacteria. Infection present but no symptoms; creates environment where they can multiply
2. Bacteria survive & multiply, more macs recruited to site; tubercle forms & macs cannot destroy bacteria. They release enzymes & cytokines that cause lung damaging inflammation
3. Few weeks later, symptoms appear, tubercle enlarges via liquefaction & TB cavity is formed where it multiples outside of walled off macrophages
4. Liquefaction continues until tubercle ruptures to bronchioles>lungs>circulatory & lymphatic tissues

Question 3

Treatment of Tuberculosis

Answer 3

prolonged treatment w/ multiple antibiotics for up to 6 months

Question 4

What does a rupturing tubercle cause?

Answer 4

lung defect aka tuberculous cavity that spreads bacteria to other parts of lung

Question 5

Lung defect aka tuberculous cavity can exist for how long?

Answer 5

months to years as it enlarges and sheds bacteria into bronchii

Question 6

finding on chest X ray that signifies tuberculosis

Answer 6

Ghons Complex

Question 7

Tuberculosis spread from human to human via

Answer 7

coughing/spitting/ droplets in air

Question 8

Positive Tuberculin PPD Test suggests

Answer 8

current or previous infection of TB

Question 9

asymptomatic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in which the bacterium is held in check by the immune system.

Answer 9

latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI)