Chapter 7- DNA Characteristics

Question 1

RNA molecule present in ribosomes

Answer 1

rRNA (ribosomal)

Question 2

RNA molecule involved in protein synthesis ; carries a specific amino acid

Answer 2

tRNA (transfer)

Question 3

polymer of deoxynulceotides; the genetic material found in all organisms

Answer 3

DNA (Deoxyribonulceic Acid)

Question 4

Polymer vs monomer

Answer 4

polymer-chain of subunits (multiples of monomers); monomer-singular molecule , that are usually bonded together bc they can react with others to form polymers

Question 5

Formation of a polymer _______; breakdown of a polymer_______. DNA is a polymer of __________.

Answer 5

Polymerization; Depolymerization; deoxynucleotides

Question 6

DNA consists of Nitrogenous base, Ribose Sugar, Phosphate Group

Answer 6

Nitrogenous bases (A:T) (C:G), Ribose Sugar- 5 carbon sugar w/ no oxygen, Phosphate Group

Question 7

2 classes of Nitrogenous bases

Answer 7

Purines (A:G) (fused 2 ring structures) ; Pyrimidines (C:T) (1 ring structure)

Question 8

What is missing from the 5 carbon sugar DEOXYRIBOSE?

Answer 8

Oxygen

Question 9

Atoms of both nitrogenous bases and sugars are numbered, but the most important numbers are on the

Answer 9

sugar; the carbon is attached to the nitrogenous base at 1’ (remaining are # in clockwise fashion)

Question 10

Nucleotides are identified and polarized by

Answer 10

carbons on the sugar

Question 11

Nucleotides are added to carbons @

Answer 11

primed positions

Question 12

polarity in (deoxy)nucleotides are

Answer 12

having different ends (5’ end and 3’ end)

Question 13

5’ end of nucleotide linked to ______. 3’ end of nucleotide linked to _______

Answer 13

phosphate group (-PO4) (top of sugar); hydroxyl group (-OH) bottom of sugar

Question 14

How does enzyme DNA polymerase contribute to DNA polymerization?

Answer 14

this enzyme adds nucleotides to the 3prime end of a growing polymer by using an existing (template) strand of DNA polymer and creating a complementary strand that uses base paring to dictate the sequence of the new growing polymer

Question 15

Adenosine is _______ to Thymine. Cytosine is _________ to Guanine

Answer 15

double hydrogen bonded; triple hydrogren bonded

Question 16

Nucleotides participating in base pairing have to be in opposite orientation of one another meaning,

Answer 16

two strands of nucleic acids run ANTIPARALLEL (one strand is 5prime end to 3prime end) (other strand is 3prime end to 5prime end)

Question 17

DNA is ___ strands and forms what structure ________?

Answer 17

double stranded; double helix

Question 18

Prokaryote DNA is _____ , where as eukaryote DNA is _____

Answer 18

circular, linear

Question 19

DNA is stored in the

Answer 19

chromosome