Chapter 7- DNA Characteristics Flashcards
RNA molecule present in ribosomes
rRNA (ribosomal)
RNA molecule involved in protein synthesis ; carries a specific amino acid
tRNA (transfer)
polymer of deoxynulceotides; the genetic material found in all organisms
DNA (Deoxyribonulceic Acid)
Polymer vs monomer
polymer-chain of subunits (multiples of monomers); monomer-singular molecule , that are usually bonded together bc they can react with others to form polymers
Formation of a polymer _______; breakdown of a polymer_______. DNA is a polymer of __________.
Polymerization; Depolymerization; deoxynucleotides
DNA consists of Nitrogenous base, Ribose Sugar, Phosphate Group
Nitrogenous bases (A:T) (C:G), Ribose Sugar- 5 carbon sugar w/ no oxygen, Phosphate Group
2 classes of Nitrogenous bases
Purines (A:G) (fused 2 ring structures) ; Pyrimidines (C:T) (1 ring structure)
What is missing from the 5 carbon sugar DEOXYRIBOSE?
Oxygen
Atoms of both nitrogenous bases and sugars are numbered, but the most important numbers are on the
sugar; the carbon is attached to the nitrogenous base at 1’ (remaining are # in clockwise fashion)
Nucleotides are identified and polarized by
carbons on the sugar
Nucleotides are added to carbons @
primed positions
polarity in (deoxy)nucleotides are
having different ends (5’ end and 3’ end)
5’ end of nucleotide linked to ______. 3’ end of nucleotide linked to _______
phosphate group (-PO4) (top of sugar); hydroxyl group (-OH) bottom of sugar
How does enzyme DNA polymerase contribute to DNA polymerization?
this enzyme adds nucleotides to the 3prime end of a growing polymer by using an existing (template) strand of DNA polymer and creating a complementary strand that uses base paring to dictate the sequence of the new growing polymer
Adenosine is _______ to Thymine. Cytosine is _________ to Guanine
double hydrogen bonded; triple hydrogren bonded
Nucleotides participating in base pairing have to be in opposite orientation of one another meaning,
two strands of nucleic acids run ANTIPARALLEL (one strand is 5prime end to 3prime end) (other strand is 3prime end to 5prime end)
DNA is ___ strands and forms what structure ________?
double stranded; double helix
Prokaryote DNA is _____ , where as eukaryote DNA is _____
circular, linear
DNA is stored in the
chromosome
