Chap 13- Animal Viruses Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Bacteriophages and animal viruses have similar mechanisms of attachments to host cells,

A

both have appendages to attach to receptors on host cell’s plasma membrane. (animal viruses have spikes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Multiplication of Animal Virus (APUBMR)

A

ATTACHMENT- viral N.A attaches to host cell wall, PENETRATE- virus entire nucleocapsid enters host cell via endocytosis or fusion; UNCOATING- protein separates from N.A in virion pre replication; Biosynthesis- production of N.A & proteins; MATURATION- components (DNA & proteins from cytoplasm in nucleus) assemble RELEASE- by budding (enveloped) or burst/rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In animal viruses, penetration mechanism into host cell depends on?

A

Whether virion is enveloped or non enveloped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

NAKED, NON ENVELOPED virions enter host cell via ______

A

Endocytosis- host cell membranes cave in forming vesicle that surrounds virion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ENVELOPED virions enters host cells via ______

A

fusion with host membrane (virion envelope fuses to host cell membrane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Attachment sites on virions ______? Attachment sites on host cell plasma membranes _____?

A

Spike; Receptor Sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

process where release of nucleic acid from capsids(proteins) done prior to replication; carried out by enzymes

A

uncoating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Virus Replication Process is aka

A

Biosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does viral DNA get to make copies of themselves?

A

They force host eukaryotic cells into S phase of mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

occurs during interphase, and is responsible for replication of DNA

A

S-phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Animal viruses can either be __________ , while bacteriophages can only be _______ ?

A

RNA OR DNA; DNA ONLY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many strands does Animal Virus DNA have?

A

It can either have Single strand of DNA or Double strand of DNA (replication usually happens in nucleus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Animal Viruses- Replication of DNA takes place ______? Biosynthesis of proteins take place _____?

A

nucleus; cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

process where completed DNA virion is transported from nucleus to cell membrane for it to EXIT via budding or lysis

A

RELEASE (animal virus DNA rep)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

WHat forms do RNA virus come in?

A

SINGLE STRANDED or DOUBKE STRANDED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

SINGLE STRANDED RNA can present in 2 forms;

A

SENSE STRAND- (+)RNA or ANTISENSE STRAND (-)RNA

17
Q

this strand acts as mRNA

A

(+)RNA sense strand

18
Q

this strand acts as template for (+)RNA

A

(-)RNA antisense strand

19
Q

RNA replication is only done by ______?

A

viruses

20
Q

Where does biosynthesis and maturation occur during RNA replication?

A

Cytoplasm

21
Q

RNA viruses that use their viral RNA as a template for DNA “reverse transcription”

A

retrovirus (process carried out by reverse transcriptase)

22
Q

viral DNA created from viral RNA gets incorporated into host chromosome and becomes a ______

A

provirus

23
Q

the virus never comes out of chromose and is protected from host’s immune system

A

provirus

24
Q

infection w/ rapid onset; short duration; immune system gradually eliminates virus

A

ACUTE infection

25
Q

continues for years/ lifetime; may or may not present symptoms

A

Persistent infection

26
Q

Can viruses be both acute and persistent?

A

YES

27
Q

continuous production of low level viral particles that lack symptoms but still transmit virus

A

chronic

28
Q

infection where viral genome remains silent in host but can become reactivated to produce infection

A

Latent

29
Q

Chronic infection examples

A

Hep B & Hep C; HIV is mixed

30
Q

Latent infection example

A

Herpes; Epstein Barr; CMV & shingles of Herpes fam

31
Q

silent viral genome in latent infections is know as

A

provirus

32
Q

mutation of proto-oncogene that has been changed to promote uncontrolled growth

A

oncogene (some viruses can carry this gene) HPV

33
Q

How does a virus get to carry oncogene?

A

Provirus disrupts proto oncogene and causes chronic damage to DNA resulting in inflammation