Chap 16- Damage to Host & exits

Question 1

proteins that have damaging effects

Answer 1

exotoxins

Question 2

exotoxins are grouped by the tissues they effect; types include

Answer 2

Neurotoxins;(nervous system damage); enterotoxins (intestinal damage), cytotoxins (cell damage)

Question 3

exotoxin A-B toxin consists of 2 points

Answer 3

A- active subunit (toxic, usually an enzyme)

B- bindng subunit (determines which cell type gets infected)

Question 4

Toxin that disrupts plasma membranes of eukaryotic cells; “hemolysins”

Answer 4

membrane damaging toxins

Question 5

types of membrane damaging toxins

Answer 5

pore forming lysisns, phospholipases

Question 6

toxin that stimulates high number of T_H cells, causing “cytokine storm”

Answer 6

superantigens

Question 7

bacterial toxin that causes sloughing of the outer epidermis; scalded skin syndrome

Answer 7

exfoliatin

Question 8

lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in outer membrane of Gram-negative cell wall; contains lipid A

Answer 8

endotoxin

Question 9

endotoxin is released when?

Answer 9

when the cell dies

Question 10

lipid A triggers ______? localized effect? systemic effect?

Answer 10

inflammatory response; helps clear infection; septic shock

Question 11

how do.endotoxins exert their effects?

Answer 11

stimulate macrophages to release cytokines in high conc (toxic)

Question 12

All endotoxins produce

Answer 12

same symptoms; fever , weakness. aches

Question 13

Difference between extotoxins and endotoxins

Answer 13

Exotoxins- Gram + or -, proteins; usually heat activated

Endotoxins- only Gram - , LPS, can be local or systemic, heat stable

Question 14

In order from pathogens to spread?

Answer 14

It must find way out of host