Chapter 7- DNA Replication

Question 1

duplication of a DNA molecule

Answer 1

DNA replication

Question 2

DNA replication is a semi conservative process meaning

Answer 2

meaning the two OG strands of DNA will separate and each act as template to be copied by new strand

Question 3

New resulting double strand of DNA post replication composed of

Answer 3

1 OG (parental) DNA strand and 1 New (daughter) DNA strand

Question 4

DNA replication starts at a distinct location in chromosome called the

Answer 4

replication origin

Question 5

sequence of DNA that recruits enzymes necessary for DNA replication happens at the

Answer 5

replication origin

Question 6

Replication of DNA starts at the replication origin and begins a __________ process.

Answer 6

Bidirectional replication process

Question 7

Why is is important for DNA replication to be bidirectional?

Answer 7

It takes less time for replication as opposed to being unidirectional

Question 8

exact point where DNA strands separate and where DNA synthesis occurs

Answer 8

replication fork

Question 9

when DNA is split, it creates _______ due to progression of bidirectional replication

Answer 9

two forks

Question 10

DNA typically splits where weaker bonds are formed, which would be between

Answer 10

Adenosine and Thymine that are double hydrogen bonded

Question 11

loop generated by unwound DNA double helix that gets bigger as replication forks move further away from each other

Answer 11

replication bubbles

Question 12

DNA replication ends WHEN?

Answer 12

replication forks meet at termination site and all DNA has been copied

Question 13

enzyme that separates DNA parental strands into single, template strands

Answer 13

DNA helicase

Question 14

enzyme that removes RNA primer and replaces it w/ DNA

Answer 14

DNA Polymerase 1

Question 15

enzyme polymerization of nucleotides during DNA replication (mainly duplicates DNA)

Answer 15

DNA Polymerase 3

Question 16

enzyme that synthesizes DNA/ carries out polymerization; multiple exists and are either used for replication or repair

Answer 16

DNA Polymerase

Question 17

In DNA Polymerization, nucleotides are only added to the _____ end because _______

Answer 17

3prime end; it has energy, where as the 5prime end does not.

Question 18

3prime end has energy because

Answer 18

Incoming nucleotides have 3 phosphate groups aka (deoxynucleoties triphosphates) = energy

Question 19

enzymes that creates small run of RNA (aka a primer ) so DNA polymerase has a free 3prime end , bc it cannot start adding dNTPs by itself

Answer 19

DNA primase

Question 20

enzyme that uses ATP to fuse backbones (sugar and phosphates) of daughter strand “the joining enzymes” (also fuses okazaki fragments)

Answer 20

DNA ligase

Question 21

protein that prevents template/parental DNA from sticking back together; keeps two template strands separated

Answer 21

Single Stranded DNA binding

Question 22

DNA replication processes in order of enzymes

Answer 22

Helicase (separates DNA @ replication origin)–>SSB (stabilize separated DNA)–>Primase–> DNA Replication starts (synthesis of daughter strand begins once is primer added) —> DNA pol3—-(adds dNtps to 3prime end of RNA primer)> DNA Pol1 (removes primers from daughter strands and replaces it with DNA)—> Ligase (fuses Okazaki fragments on daughter strands using ATP)

Question 23

At replication fork, both daughter strands are synthesized simultaneously, these daughter strands are the

Answer 23

leading and lagging strands

Question 24

DNA strand that is synthesized continuously (DNA pol3 adding dNtps to end of primer) in direction of replication fork is called ________

Answer 24

leading strand; the direction of synthesis is moving towards/ in same direction of the replication fork)

Question 25

DNA strand that is synthesized discontinuously (DNA pol3 adding dNTPs to primer away from replication fork

Answer 25

lagging strand (the direction of synthesis is in the moving away from (going in opposite direction) of the replication fork)

Question 26

DNA polymerase can only be synthesized in one direction, which is

Answer 26

5prime to 3prime

Question 27

What does lagging strand require since it is synthesized discontinuously?

Answer 27

Another Primer added closer to replication fork

Question 28

Once DNA Pol3 jumps to new primer and starts synthesizing another segment of daughter strand DNA on lagging strand, this results in

Answer 28

discontinuous pieces aka Okazaki fragments