Chp 14- Immune Defenses

Question 1

Russian scientist who discovered phagocytes (specialized cells that destroy invaders) by using starfish larva

Answer 1

I. Metchnikoff

Question 2

immune defense system you’re born with; involves barriers that are to keep pathogens from entering the body

Answer 2

Innate Immune System (non specfic)

Question 3

develops throughout life as body is exposed to certain microbes/pathogens; immune response is specific to the pathogen exposed to it

Answer 3

Adaptive Immune system

Question 4

immune system/ response that sometimes makes errors and attacks self cells; involves B Cells and T cells

Answer 4

Adaptive Immune system

Question 5

Damaging reaction of the immune system against “self” antigens.

Answer 5

Autoimmune Disease basis

Question 6

foreign substance that triggers an immune response in the body and produces antibody

Answer 6

Antigen

Question 7

antigens stimulate production of

Answer 7

antibodies

Question 8

y shaped protein that binds to antigen & destroys them; also destroys infected host cells/ self cells

Answer 8

antibody

Question 9

body’s own cells

Answer 9

host cells/self cells

Question 10

1st Line of Defense (apart of Innate Immune System)

Answer 10

Skin, Mucous Membranes, Normal Microbiota

Question 11

2nd Line of Defense( apart of Innate Immune System)

Answer 11

Phagocytes, Inflammation, Fever, Antimicrobial substances

Question 12

3rd Line of Defense (Apart of Adaptive)

Answer 12

Antibodies ,B Cells and T cells

Question 13

Barriers blocking entry (skin and mucous membranes)

Answer 13

1st Line of Defense

Question 14

1st line of Innate Defense Examples

Answer 14

physical barriers (skin & mucous membranes; normal microbiota (flora)

Question 15

Examples of Antimicrobial substances

Answer 15

(lysozymes , lacto/transferrin) , antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)

Question 16

group of microorganisms that colonize the body surfaces but do not usually cause disease; covers binding sites that may also be used for attachment

Answer 16

Normal Microbiome (flora)

Question 17

Disruption of normal microbiome (dysbiosis) can

Answer 17

predispose persons to infections

Question 18

Cells used to detect if invaders breach immune system

Answer 18

Sentinel Cells

Question 19

How do sentinel cells sense invaders in immune system?

Answer 19

Sentinel cells use pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to identify unique microbial components

Question 20

The complement system is found

Answer 20

in blood and tissue fluid

Question 21

Examples of Innate Defense Effectors that destroy pathogens

Answer 21

Interferon (IFN), Phagocytes, Inflammatory Response, and Fever

Question 22

First Line Defenses that act as “security system” and prevent microbial entry?

Answer 22

Skin and Mucous Membranes

Question 23

Innate Defenses that “detect invaders” and damage

Answer 23

Pattern recognition receptors, complement system

Question 24

Innate Defenses that “eliminates invaders”

Answer 24

Interforns, Fever, Phagocytes, Immune response, Complement activation

Question 25

If a pathogen succeeds through both 1st and 2nd line defenses of innate system, it now has to go through

Answer 25

3rd line of defense involving the Adaptive system

Question 26

Why is adaptive immune system referred to as the specific defense system?

Answer 26

Because it uses SPECIFIC receptors for each SPECIFIC pathogen that is encountered.

Question 27

Immune system that is “immediately effective” within a few hours

Answer 27

Innate Immune System

Question 28

Immune system that is takes at least 4 days to be effective, because it requires special activation process

Answer 28

Adaptive Immune System

Question 29

this immune system contains memory of past encounters, so its primed to react quickly if pathogen reappears

Answer 29

Adaptive Immune System/Response

Question 30

Adaptive Systems memory component is the basis for

Answer 30

Immunity