Chp 14- Immune Defenses Flashcards
Russian scientist who discovered phagocytes (specialized cells that destroy invaders) by using starfish larva
I. Metchnikoff
immune defense system you’re born with; involves barriers that are to keep pathogens from entering the body
Innate Immune System (non specfic)
develops throughout life as body is exposed to certain microbes/pathogens; immune response is specific to the pathogen exposed to it
Adaptive Immune system
immune system/ response that sometimes makes errors and attacks self cells; involves B Cells and T cells
Adaptive Immune system
Damaging reaction of the immune system against “self” antigens.
Autoimmune Disease basis
foreign substance that triggers an immune response in the body and produces antibody
Antigen
antigens stimulate production of
antibodies
y shaped protein that binds to antigen & destroys them; also destroys infected host cells/ self cells
antibody
body’s own cells
host cells/self cells
1st Line of Defense (apart of Innate Immune System)
Skin, Mucous Membranes, Normal Microbiota
2nd Line of Defense( apart of Innate Immune System)
Phagocytes, Inflammation, Fever, Antimicrobial substances
3rd Line of Defense (Apart of Adaptive)
Antibodies ,B Cells and T cells
Barriers blocking entry (skin and mucous membranes)
1st Line of Defense
1st line of Innate Defense Examples
physical barriers (skin & mucous membranes; normal microbiota (flora)
Examples of Antimicrobial substances
(lysozymes , lacto/transferrin) , antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)
group of microorganisms that colonize the body surfaces but do not usually cause disease; covers binding sites that may also be used for attachment
Normal Microbiome (flora)
Disruption of normal microbiome (dysbiosis) can
predispose persons to infections
Cells used to detect if invaders breach immune system
Sentinel Cells
How do sentinel cells sense invaders in immune system?
Sentinel cells use pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to identify unique microbial components
The complement system is found
in blood and tissue fluid
Examples of Innate Defense Effectors that destroy pathogens
Interferon (IFN), Phagocytes, Inflammatory Response, and Fever
First Line Defenses that act as “security system” and prevent microbial entry?
Skin and Mucous Membranes
Innate Defenses that “detect invaders” and damage
Pattern recognition receptors, complement system
Innate Defenses that “eliminates invaders”
Interforns, Fever, Phagocytes, Immune response, Complement activation
If a pathogen succeeds through both 1st and 2nd line defenses of innate system, it now has to go through
3rd line of defense involving the Adaptive system
Why is adaptive immune system referred to as the specific defense system?
Because it uses SPECIFIC receptors for each SPECIFIC pathogen that is encountered.
Immune system that is “immediately effective” within a few hours
Innate Immune System
Immune system that is takes at least 4 days to be effective, because it requires special activation process
Adaptive Immune System
this immune system contains memory of past encounters, so its primed to react quickly if pathogen reappears
Adaptive Immune System/Response
Adaptive Systems memory component is the basis for
Immunity
