Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What transformed the nations physical, commerical, and political landscape?

A

Cotton

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2
Q

How did cotton effect the slaves?

A

Expected to work longer and harder, were punished more because of a higher demand

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3
Q

What inventions helped expand US economy?

A

Cotton gin, steamboats, corporations, and a different kind of bank

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4
Q

Cotton in South vs. North

A

Cotton made slaves i South more valuable but made the North more hostile to slaveholders

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5
Q

What developments made cotton expand?

A

Europeans perfered cotton clothes and inventions like the flying shuttle and the spinning jenny made making cotton easier

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6
Q

Where did most big inventions happen and what did they want?

A

England, they wanted to keep it a secret from other countries

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6
Q

Where did most big inventions happen and what did they want?

A

England, they wanted to keep it a secret from other countries

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7
Q

What happened that made the US known about the inventions?

A

Samuel Slater, an apprentice, sailed to New York from England and brought patents and blueprints across to give to America

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8
Q

Did America support cotton at first?

A

They were skeptical

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9
Q

Eli Whitney

A

Made cotton gin which allowed inexpensive processing of cotton

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10
Q

Whitney did get rich off of the gin, but did get rich off of

A

developing the idea of interchangeable parts and manufacturing rifles with such parts for the US government

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11
Q

Results of cotton gin

A

US had an export crop, cotton market led to the development of new lands, especially plantations in Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana

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12
Q

Black belt

A

The cotton growing region stretching from Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana, named for black soil

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13
Q

Most of the black belt land was

A

new, not original 13

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14
Q

Rate of growing cotton on regular land vs. black belt

A

300 pounds in South Carolina could grow 800-1000 pounds in the black belt

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15
Q

In 1801, 9% of worlds cotton came from US while 60% came from Inda. In 1820

A

USA was exporting more cotton than India

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16
Q

between 1800 and 1860 1 million slaves moved from their home to

A

Somewhere in Louisiana, Mississippi, Georgia, Texas, Arkansas, or Alabama to pick cotton

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17
Q

Why was it scary for slaves to move into the interior of the US

A

It breaks them off from their birthplace and family

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18
Q

The newer region wanted men slaves for

A

male muscle

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19
Q

The old regions wanted women so they could

A

bear more children to be sold

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20
Q

What age group of slaves was sold the most?

A

14-35

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21
Q

Once sold, what did slaves do?

A

The walked in ¨slave coffles¨ and walked 20 miles a day, sometimes up to 2 months
(sometimes were transported by ship)

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22
Q

Example of slaves revolting while traveling

A

In 1841, slaves being shipped
from Norfolk, Virginia, to New Orleans forced the captain to deliver them to the Bahamas, a British colony, where they found freedom because Britain
had abolished slavery

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23
Q

Gendr divide on plantations

A

Women and children hoed, men plowed

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24
How long did harvest last
August through October, slaves worked from sunrise to sunset
25
Was cotton on big plantations or small plantations?
Small
26
How did slave control work on large plantations?
slaves worked in large gangs while certain slaves were appointed as drivers to get the work done, poor whites were overseers of the slaves
27
How did slaves create communities in their quarters?
Leaders were chosen, secretly taught each other to read and write, grew their own food, made cloth , and even sometimes earned cash
28
Who memorized the blueprints for a mill in England and brought his memory to USA to build mills in Massachusetts
Francis Cabot Lowell
29
What company did Lowell create with Patrick T Jackson and Nathan Appleton?
Boston Manufacturing Company
30
WHat was created?
British style power loom
31
When Lowell died, what was created in 1823?
Lowell Massachusetts
32
The factories and towns Lowell built transformed...
the industry and lives of the people involved in it
33
Boston Associates first turned to
Young women working on farms to work for giant looms and mills
34
Where Lowells factories clean?
Yes
35
One of the first strikes in America
Women on factory jobs, didnt last long, all failed
36
Where was most cotton shipped in its raw state to?
Manchester and Leeds in England
37
Was trade easy between England and US since War of 1812?
Yes
38
New York had advantages to cotton:
Good water harbor, ports had experienced workers and were easily accessible by coastal vessels, most of Souths cotton was shipped to New York to be shipped to England
39
Who did New York businesses send south to buy cotton
agents called factors
40
Jeremiah Thompson
Established a fixed schedule of weekly departures of ships from New York toLiverpool
41
What else was New York good for because of the bank?
Raising money
42
New York Stock Exchange
Founded to support large scale commerce by allowing investors to pool funds and create new industries
43
New York was home to many banks that helped finance
the cotton industry
44
Who promised to build a canal using state funds to win governor?
DeWitt Clinton
45
What would this canal give?
Farmers along the route a link to markets and would connect all of NY to Ohio and eventually the Mississippi River
46
What was the concern about the canal?
It would be very difficult to create
47
How long did the Erie Canal go for?
363 miles
48
Economic impact of Erie Canal
Goods that cost $100 to ship now cost $9 on Erie Canal, farmers in NY and Ohio could get their wheat to international markets, families could be reunited w letters
49
By 1830, Erie Canal carried ____ as much freight of the Mississippi River
twice
50
How were Erie Canal boats pulled?
horses on land
51
Who created the steamboat?
Robert Fulton
52
What did steamboats help with?
Cutting travel time and trade (could travel against stream)
53
What was also being built across the Appalachian Mountains?
National Road
54
What did the Road help link?
Potomac River with the Ohio River
55
Where else was the National Road built?
Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois which helped also connect the Mississippi RIver
56
Were Jefferson, Madison, and Moroe happy with the transportation?
Not really, thy didnt think transportation infrastructure was good for the nation
57
States built there own
roads
58
With increased travel and speed,
news travel increased
59
What news slower or faster in southern coastal cities?
Slower
60
What were some of the first corporations in AMerica
Banks
61
By 1815, America had
200 state chartered banks
62
What 2 services did the bank provide
Printed paper currency and made loans and collected interest
63
Banks started to issue bank notes on loans in their portfolio, which
was risky but expanded the amount of money in circulation
64
As commerce developed
larger commercial and industrial ventures were to risky to be financed soley by individuals
65
Many people from parts of the land moved
from isolated fa\mily businesses to work in large nationally and internationally connected industries
66
Why was Monroes 2 terms as president considered the Era of Good Feelings?
Lack of rancor in his virtually unanimous election and reelection when the opposing Federalist party almost disappeared
67
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
Supreme Court ruled that state charters were contracts and contracts were inviolable, ruling this as unconstitutional
68
Gibbons v. Ogden
Court ruled that NY didnt have a right to give Ogden a monopoly to ferry service in NY harbor since it connected NY and NJ and thus involved interstate commerce
69
Whos population grew as a result of Americas westward movement
Missouri
70
What stopped a bill to authorize a state constitutional convention
Congressman James Tallmadge Jr, he introduced an amendment to Missouri that prohibited the intro of new slaves into the state ans make free the ones there
71
Why did people not like this?
Slaves helped cotton growth
72
Missouri Compromise
Missouri would be admitted as a slave state, Maine admitted as a free state, and prohibited slavery in rest of Louisiana Territory above 36 30 north
73
With this compromise and may others, what did Henry Clay become known as?
The Great Compromiser
74
Who were the canidates after Monroes Presidency?
John Calhoun, William Crawford, John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay,
75
Why were people appealed with Andrew Jackson as president?
He opposed banks and was a war hero
76
Who was elected president after Monroe?
John Quincy Adams
77
Who did Adams appoint as his secretary of state?
Henry Clay
78
Adams goal for presidency?
Unify the nation and improve all parts of the country
79
What list did Adams propose to the federal gov.?
Support for federally funded improvements like roads, and canals
80
What did Adams propose?
A second National Road to link Washington DC to New Orleasn and a new national university
81
Why was Adams proposing all of this?
to knit the nation together
82
What did Clay create?
American System
83
American System
The program of government to improve roads and canals and to foster economic growth
84
CLaays effort to increases tariffs from 20 to 35% helped
New England mill owners and workers whos jobs it protected
85
Whig Party
Political party that took shape in support of Adams-Clay American system, firtknown as National Republicans
86
Who was against the Whig Party
Jacksonian Democrats
87
WHat did Whig Party advocate for?
Strong national government role in economy, social reform movements
88
What did Democrat Party advocate for?
rights of the ¨common man¨ and to be left alone by centralized government
89
Senator Martin Van Buren
Architect of Jacksons campaign, strict constructionalist of the Constitution, allied with many southerners