Chapter 9 Flashcards
What transformed the nations physical, commerical, and political landscape?
Cotton
How did cotton effect the slaves?
Expected to work longer and harder, were punished more because of a higher demand
What inventions helped expand US economy?
Cotton gin, steamboats, corporations, and a different kind of bank
Cotton in South vs. North
Cotton made slaves i South more valuable but made the North more hostile to slaveholders
What developments made cotton expand?
Europeans perfered cotton clothes and inventions like the flying shuttle and the spinning jenny made making cotton easier
Where did most big inventions happen and what did they want?
England, they wanted to keep it a secret from other countries
Where did most big inventions happen and what did they want?
England, they wanted to keep it a secret from other countries
What happened that made the US known about the inventions?
Samuel Slater, an apprentice, sailed to New York from England and brought patents and blueprints across to give to America
Did America support cotton at first?
They were skeptical
Eli Whitney
Made cotton gin which allowed inexpensive processing of cotton
Whitney did get rich off of the gin, but did get rich off of
developing the idea of interchangeable parts and manufacturing rifles with such parts for the US government
Results of cotton gin
US had an export crop, cotton market led to the development of new lands, especially plantations in Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana
Black belt
The cotton growing region stretching from Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana, named for black soil
Most of the black belt land was
new, not original 13
Rate of growing cotton on regular land vs. black belt
300 pounds in South Carolina could grow 800-1000 pounds in the black belt
In 1801, 9% of worlds cotton came from US while 60% came from Inda. In 1820
USA was exporting more cotton than India
between 1800 and 1860 1 million slaves moved from their home to
Somewhere in Louisiana, Mississippi, Georgia, Texas, Arkansas, or Alabama to pick cotton
Why was it scary for slaves to move into the interior of the US
It breaks them off from their birthplace and family
The newer region wanted men slaves for
male muscle
The old regions wanted women so they could
bear more children to be sold
What age group of slaves was sold the most?
14-35
Once sold, what did slaves do?
The walked in ¨slave coffles¨ and walked 20 miles a day, sometimes up to 2 months
(sometimes were transported by ship)
Example of slaves revolting while traveling
In 1841, slaves being shipped
from Norfolk, Virginia, to New Orleans forced the captain to deliver them to the Bahamas, a British colony, where they found freedom because Britain
had abolished slavery
Gendr divide on plantations
Women and children hoed, men plowed
How long did harvest last
August through October, slaves worked from sunrise to sunset
Was cotton on big plantations or small plantations?
Small
How did slave control work on large plantations?
slaves worked in large gangs while certain slaves were appointed as drivers to get the work done, poor whites were overseers of the slaves
How did slaves create communities in their quarters?
Leaders were chosen, secretly taught each other to read and write, grew their own food, made cloth , and even sometimes earned cash
Who memorized the blueprints for a mill in England and brought his memory to USA to build mills in Massachusetts
Francis Cabot Lowell
What company did Lowell create with Patrick T Jackson and Nathan Appleton?
Boston Manufacturing Company
WHat was created?
British style power loom
When Lowell died, what was created in 1823?
Lowell Massachusetts
The factories and towns Lowell built transformed…
the industry and lives of the people involved in it
Boston Associates first turned to
Young women working on farms to work for giant looms and mills
Where Lowells factories clean?
Yes
One of the first strikes in America
Women on factory jobs, didnt last long, all failed
