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APUSH > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

How id Jefferson change the president habits?

A

He made them less formal, more casual

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2
Q

With Jefferson in power, was the United States leading towards Federalists or Democrat Republican government?

A

Democrat-Republican

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3
Q

How did equality change in America?

A

Thought of as how people treated others, not only in terms of representation in the government

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4
Q

Republicanism

A

A complex, changing body of ideas that developed in the
late 1790s around Thomas Jefferson and James Madison’s political organizing and their campaigns for the presidency.

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5
Q

How did Republicanism effect AMericans?

A

hey were able to relate to eachother, it effected equality and independence

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6
Q

When did Jefferson lead the country?

A

During one of the greatest revivals of religion, even though he wasnt very religious

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7
Q

What did Jefferson want for US

A

A more agrarian version, presided over a growing commercial economy that saw an expansion of U.S. territory
as well as the rise of cities, banks

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8
Q

What did people not like about his presidency?

A

He made White House events less formal

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9
Q

What did Jefferson shrink?

A

the federal bureaucracy but doubled the land mass of the US

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10
Q

What else did Jefferson cut?

A

The size of the army in the west and the Navy that patrolled the Atlantic

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11
Q

Although Jefferson kept the tax on imported goods, he

A

abolished all internal taxes

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12
Q

What type of office did Jefferson want?

A

Small federal government

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13
Q

What did this lead to?

A

One of the most significant Supreme Court decisions in US history

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14
Q

Marbury v. Madison

A

Supreme Court decision of 1803 that created the precedent of judicial review by
ruling part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 as unconstitutional.

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15
Q

What did Marshall say about Jefferson after Marbury v Madison

A

He was irresponsible in failing to deliver the commission

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16
Q

Could the Supreme Court do anything about this?

A

No, the clause in the Judiciary Act giving the federal courts the
right to issue writs requiring governmental action was unconstitutional because
the Constitution did not give the judiciary such authority.

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17
Q

Results of the ruling:

A

Marbury did not get his job, gave Jefferson legal victory in this case because he wasnt forced to appoint Marbury, and first time court appointed judicial review

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18
Q

judicial review

A

A power implied in the Constitution that gives federal courts the right to review and determine the constitutionality of acts passed by Congress and state legislatures

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19
Q

Did American voters views align with Jefferson?

A

Yes, 90% of people lived on farms

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20
Q

Out of the 5.3 million people in USA< how many were slaves?

A

900,000

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21
Q

Where did many people move because there was better land?

A

Ohio, Tennessee, Kentucky

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22
Q

Even though voting restrictions on gender and race still continued, what didnt?

A

All property qualifications for voting dissapeared

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23
Q

How did English visitors find the manners and morals of Americans?

A

Appaling but fascinating

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24
Q

What type of violence was happening in the 1800s

A

political arguements ending in fists and urban riots,

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25
Q

How did men of higher social standing settle arguments?

A

By dueling

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26
Q

One famous duel

A

Vice President Arron Burr challenged Alexander Hamilton to a duel because of Hamiltons not so nice comments ending with Burr killing Hamilton in 1804

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27
Q

What was one major cause of violence

A

High levels of alcohol consumption

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28
Q

How much did drinking go up from 1790 to 1820?

A

2.5 gallons to 5 gallons

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29
Q

Were slaves still being beaten, raped, and killed?

A

Yes

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30
Q

What type of family problems increased?

A

Divorces, violence towards children and women

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31
Q

How was Jeffersons house, Monticello?

A

Big, lavish, slaves taking care of everything in the house

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32
Q

What rumor came out about Jefferson?

A

That he was having an affair with a slave named sally

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33
Q

How did this rumor effect Jefferson and the US?

A

His opponents used the story of Sally Hemmings and the birth of their child to smear the president

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34
Q

Who spread this rumor?

A

James Callendar

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35
Q

With the DNA testing in the 1990s, what did Sallys children determine?

A

That they were his children

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36
Q

What did Jefferson believe about religion?

A

the ¨wall of separation between the church and state¨

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37
Q

Did people agree with Jefferson?

A

Yes

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38
Q

What was this speech called?

A

The Connecticut Baptists

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39
Q

religious etablishments

A

The name given to a state-church or to the creation of an “established church” that might
play a role in, and expect support and loyalty
from all citizens.

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40
Q

What states had religious establishments?

A

Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maryland, and Massachusetts

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41
Q

What did the Connecticut Baptists mean for these states?

A

They didnt have to pay the church taxes

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42
Q

What did Lyman Beecher publish?

A

T e Connecticut Evangelical
Magazine and Religious Intelligencer

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43
Q

Why did he publish this?

A

an effort to maintain the special status of the Congregationalist churches?

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44
Q

How did Beecher lose?

A

Oliver Wolcott, who opposed a state-supported church in Connecticut, defeated a Federalist for governor, and Connecticut would end its state support for all religious bodies

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45
Q

How did religion do in COnnecticut?

A

Flourished without the states help

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46
Q

Even though government support dissappeared, did peoples support?

A

No, religious organizaton growth thrived

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47
Q

Jefferson was a deist,

A

One who has a religious orientation that rejects divine revelation and holds that the workings of nature alone reveal God’s design for the universe.

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48
Q

What happened beginning in the 1790s?

A

The Second Great Awakening

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49
Q

The Second Great Awakening

A

A series of religious revivals in the first half of the 1800s characterized by great emotional-ism in large public meetings

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50
Q

WHat did the SGA form?

A

American Christianity

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51
Q

What did James McGready successfully do?

A

Change Kentuckys criminals into good church -gong chritians

52
Q

How many people did the biggest religious gathering have?

A

20,000

53
Q

What type of religions grew the most from the awakening?

A

Methodists and Baptists

54
Q

How did Methodism come to America?

A

John Wesley created it with his brother in England, but Franicis Ausbury was the first bishop to establish American Methodism

55
Q

Differences between Baptism and Methodism

A

Methodsts were very unified and organized, baptists werent unifed and decentralized

55
Q

Baptism

A

Was in North America as long as Puritans, founded Brown University,

56
Q

Religious revivals with slaves

A

Many plantation owners set up religious services for slaves

57
Q

What services did slaves themselves set up?

A

Congregations that met at night, speaking about there passion for liberty

58
Q

What did thses slave meetings form?

A

revolts from them, like Denmark Vesey and Nat Turner leading slave revolts

59
Q

What did relgion give to slaves?

A

Hope, freedom, unity

60
Q

What did Richard Allen make for african americans?

A

the Bethel Church in Philadelphia in 1794. Thus was born the African Methodist
Episcopal Church, which by 1820 had 4,000 members in Philadelphia and 2,000 more
in Baltimore (racially integrated)

61
Q

WHat did the fear of slave revolts make south government do?

A

Block the growth of independent blsck churches

62
Q

How about the North

A

No, free black churches thrive

63
Q

John Carroll

A

Appointed the first Catholic bishop in America, promoted to Archibishop of Baltimore

64
Q

What did Carroll do?

A

Created first American college in Georgetown, Maryland

65
Q

Where did the few American Jews live?

A

In East Coast cities like Newport, Philadephia, and NYC

66
Q

What was hard for farmers west of the Alleghenies?

A

Shipping their goods over the mountains to the Atlantic Coast

67
Q

Jefferson was worried about farmers and

A

European influence among them

68
Q

Because Napoleon Bonaparte ruled France, what negotiation did he make with Spain

A

That the whole Louisiana Territory and New Orleans was returned to France

69
Q

Did Americans like this and was it good for America?

A

No and No

70
Q

What was the solution?

A

Buying it back for 6 million

71
Q

Why did Napoleon up the prie to 15 million?

A

He needed money from loosing it from Haiti

72
Q

What was this called?

A

Louisiana Purchase

73
Q

Who didnt like the Louisiana Purchase?

A

Some Federalists in Congress

74
Q

What did many people in New Orleans speak?

A

French and Spanish

75
Q

What religion was most of New Orleans and how did they feel about gender and race?

A

Catholic, they had different views of most Americans

76
Q

How were slaves treated in New Orleans?

A

Could maintain stable families, enjoy holidays, and buy goods for themselves

77
Q

The music that Africans brought to New Orleans was the foundation for

A

american jazz music

78
Q

How were mixed couples in NO treated, especially women?

A

They got some backlash, but were mostly supported and black women could maintain relationships with white men and own and sell goods

79
Q

How many people of African origin in NO were free?

A

1/3

80
Q

What did the French speakers in NO call themselves?

A

Kaintucks

81
Q

Jefferson wanted to assert dominance in NA and asked congress to support a ¨scientific expedition¨. What came from this?

A

The Lewis and Clark Expedition

82
Q

Corps of Discovery

A

the team of soldiers, civilian
woodsmen, boatmen, interpreters, and Clark’s slave York(also name given to expedition)

83
Q

Where did Louis and Clark and the people travel for the expedition?

A

in St. Louis on the west bank of the Mississippi River

84
Q

What was this place for the expedition?

A

a Spanish/French trading post of about a thousand people

85
Q

Where did the Corps of Discovery first go?

A

travel up the Missouri River into the heart of the Louisiana Territory and reached an area close to the current U.S.-Canadian border in North Dakota.

86
Q

Where did they go for winter?

A

Near a Mandan Indian Village on the Missouri River

87
Q

How did Americans and Mandans get along?

A

The Americans traded
goods and celebrated feasts, including New Year’s Day with the Mandans

88
Q

Who were two people critical for the expedition?

A

French trapper Toussaint Charbonneau and his Shoshone partner Sacagawea, who joined the expedition with their newborn child

89
Q

Sacagaweas role

A

cook and laundress for the corps and used her knowledge of the countryside to find food and translate with some of the tribes they met.

90
Q

In September 1805, where did the group go?

A

beyond the rather inexact western boundary of the Louisiana Purchase into Oregon
Country that was claimed by Britain, Russia, and Spain, but not the United States
(almost starved)

91
Q

Who took in the expeditioners and fed them?

A

Large Indian tribe, the Nez Perce Indians

92
Q

What did their indian leader Twisted Hair do for them?

A

drew a map of the river system
leading to the Columbia River and the Pacific coast and taught the Americans how to make dugout canoes out of pine

93
Q

Where did the group winter until going back to Saint Louis in September 1806?

A

Fort Clatsop near present day Astoria

94
Q

Zebulon Pike

A

led an expedition that departed from St. Louis in the fall of 1805 to explore the Mississippi and Arkansas Rivers and much of the present-day state of Colorado.

95
Q

Thomas Freeman

A

tracked the Red River Valley in the southern portion of the new territory, opened the way for other adventurers and traders,

96
Q

What resulted for America from the War of 1812

A

resolved issues that had limited U.S. development for decades, and its conclusion launched a new period of growth for the country

97
Q

How long did the Britian and USA tensions exist prior to war of 1812?

A

Existed since the battles of Lexington and Concord in 1775

98
Q

after the rise of Napoleon, the British saw themselves as

A

Defenders of the free world against Napoleonic territory

99
Q

what was the greatest divide in America between emerging political parties?

A

Federalist tilt toward Britain and
the Democratic-Republican tilt toward France

100
Q

What did Britain depend on to protect the island nation?

A

Navy to protect it from invasion and dominate the oceans

101
Q

Seizing sailors

A

was seen as vital to Britain but a threat to American freedom and economy of USA

102
Q

Between 1803 and 1812, ______ were pressed into service on British warships against their will, many of whom never returned

A

3,000–6,000 American
citizens

103
Q

June 1807

A

the Royal Navy’s HMS Leopard opened fire on the USS Chesapeake after its
commander refused to let British officers board the ship to look for deserters.

104
Q

Because of sailors being killed, what was passed

A

The Embargo Act

105
Q

Embargo Act

A

prohibiting American ships from leaving for any foreign port.

106
Q

Results of the Embargo Act

A

British warehouses were full, and New England shipping lost money as products piled up couldnt be shipped

107
Q

What act did Congress put in place of Embargo Act and what was this acts definition?

A

Non-Intercourse Act
modify the Embargo Act by limiting it to trade with Britain and France so as to extend U.S. commerce in the rest of the world

108
Q

Warefare between

A

The US and Indian tribes broke out, the new generation was willing to fight

109
Q

What 2 Tribal Leaders were Americans scared of and who did he have aiding him?

A

Tenskwatawa and military leader Tecumseh
Britain was aiding them

110
Q

What did Tenskwatawa create?

A

created a new settlement at what is now West Lafayette, Indiana, called Prophetstown, where Shawnees and other tribes gathered for spiritual renewal.

111
Q

How did Tecumseh prepare for war with USA

A

Travelled through Ohio region and sought help for British authorities and recruited Cherokees, Choktaws, and Creeks

112
Q

What was Tecumsehs main goal?

A

all-Indian alliance to drive all whites from the land south of Canada and from between
the Alleghenies and the Mississippi

113
Q

What was Tecumsehs main goal?

A

all-Indian alliance to drive all whites from the land south of Canada and from between
the Alleghenies and the Mississippi

114
Q

After Indians and Americans found peace, what happened?

A

William Henry Harrison, governor of the Indiana Territory, attacked Prophetstown
with 1,000 U.S. troops. Harrison’s troops burned the village to the ground

115
Q

War Hawks

A

Members of Congress, mostly from the South
and West, who aggressively pushed for a war
against Britain after their election in 1810.

116
Q

USA had to worry about a war with

A

Indians and Britain now

117
Q

Because Federalists didnt want war, what was very ununanimous?

A

Its commitment to war

118
Q

How did USAs attack on Canada go?

A

Bad, far fewer
of the people in Canada, English or French, wanted to become part of the United
States than the Americans expected. In addition, the British army was strong and had
been cultivating Indian alliance

119
Q

What did Detroit fall to?

A

British soldiers

120
Q

The Lake Erie and Battle of the Thames victory for USA protected what?

A

New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio frontier

121
Q

Who raided Washington and burned the Capitol and White House

A

British troops

122
Q

What fight inspired Francis Scott Key to write the Star Spangled Banner?

A

British bombardment of Fort McHenry

123
Q

Were Americans winning battles on the Indian front?

A

Yes

124
Q

Treaty of Ghent

A

A treaty signed in December 1814 between the United States and Britain that ended the War of 1812.

125
Q

How did Federalists feel about the new land?

A

Didnt like it, felt it would only mean new Democrat-Republican representatives in Congress

126
Q

Hartford Convention

A

A meeting of Federalist delegates from the New England states to protest the continuation of the War of 1812

APUSH (51 decks)

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