Chapter 8 Flashcards
1
Q
How id Jefferson change the president habits?
A
He made them less formal, more casual
2
Q
With Jefferson in power, was the United States leading towards Federalists or Democrat Republican government?
A
Democrat-Republican
3
Q
How did equality change in America?
A
Thought of as how people treated others, not only in terms of representation in the government
4
Q
Republicanism
A
A complex, changing body of ideas that developed in the
late 1790s around Thomas Jefferson and James Madison’s political organizing and their campaigns for the presidency.
5
Q
How did Republicanism effect AMericans?
A
hey were able to relate to eachother, it effected equality and independence
6
Q
When did Jefferson lead the country?
A
During one of the greatest revivals of religion, even though he wasnt very religious
7
Q
What did Jefferson want for US
A
A more agrarian version, presided over a growing commercial economy that saw an expansion of U.S. territory
as well as the rise of cities, banks
8
Q
What did people not like about his presidency?
A
He made White House events less formal
9
Q
What did Jefferson shrink?
A
the federal bureaucracy but doubled the land mass of the US
10
Q
What else did Jefferson cut?
A
The size of the army in the west and the Navy that patrolled the Atlantic
11
Q
Although Jefferson kept the tax on imported goods, he
A
abolished all internal taxes
12
Q
What type of office did Jefferson want?
A
Small federal government
13
Q
What did this lead to?
A
One of the most significant Supreme Court decisions in US history
14
Q
Marbury v. Madison
A
Supreme Court decision of 1803 that created the precedent of judicial review by
ruling part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 as unconstitutional.
15
Q
What did Marshall say about Jefferson after Marbury v Madison
A
He was irresponsible in failing to deliver the commission
16
Q
Could the Supreme Court do anything about this?
A
No, the clause in the Judiciary Act giving the federal courts the
right to issue writs requiring governmental action was unconstitutional because
the Constitution did not give the judiciary such authority.
17
Q
Results of the ruling:
A
Marbury did not get his job, gave Jefferson legal victory in this case because he wasnt forced to appoint Marbury, and first time court appointed judicial review
18
Q
judicial review
A
A power implied in the Constitution that gives federal courts the right to review and determine the constitutionality of acts passed by Congress and state legislatures
19
Q
Did American voters views align with Jefferson?
A
Yes, 90% of people lived on farms
20
Q
Out of the 5.3 million people in USA< how many were slaves?
A
900,000
21
Q
Where did many people move because there was better land?
A
Ohio, Tennessee, Kentucky
22
Q
Even though voting restrictions on gender and race still continued, what didnt?
A
All property qualifications for voting dissapeared
23
Q
How did English visitors find the manners and morals of Americans?
A
Appaling but fascinating
24
Q
What type of violence was happening in the 1800s
A
political arguements ending in fists and urban riots,
25
How did men of higher social standing settle arguments?
By dueling
26
One famous duel
Vice President Arron Burr challenged Alexander Hamilton to a duel because of Hamiltons not so nice comments ending with Burr killing Hamilton in 1804
27
What was one major cause of violence
High levels of alcohol consumption
28
How much did drinking go up from 1790 to 1820?
2.5 gallons to 5 gallons
29
Were slaves still being beaten, raped, and killed?
Yes
30
What type of family problems increased?
Divorces, violence towards children and women
31
How was Jeffersons house, Monticello?
Big, lavish, slaves taking care of everything in the house
32
What rumor came out about Jefferson?
That he was having an affair with a slave named sally
33
How did this rumor effect Jefferson and the US?
His opponents used the story of Sally Hemmings and the birth of their child to smear the president
34
Who spread this rumor?
James Callendar
35
With the DNA testing in the 1990s, what did Sallys children determine?
That they were his children
36
What did Jefferson believe about religion?
the ¨wall of separation between the church and state¨
37
Did people agree with Jefferson?
Yes
38
What was this speech called?
The Connecticut Baptists
39
religious etablishments
The name given to a state-church or to the creation of an “established church” that might
play a role in, and expect support and loyalty
from all citizens.
40
What states had religious establishments?
Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maryland, and Massachusetts
41
What did the Connecticut Baptists mean for these states?
They didnt have to pay the church taxes
42
What did Lyman Beecher publish?
T e Connecticut Evangelical
Magazine and Religious Intelligencer
43
Why did he publish this?
an effort to maintain the special status of the Congregationalist churches?
44
How did Beecher lose?
Oliver Wolcott, who opposed a state-supported church in Connecticut, defeated a Federalist for governor, and Connecticut would end its state support for all religious bodies
45
How did religion do in COnnecticut?
Flourished without the states help
46
Even though government support dissappeared, did peoples support?
No, religious organizaton growth thrived
47
Jefferson was a deist,
One who has a religious orientation that rejects divine revelation and holds that the workings of nature alone reveal God’s design for the universe.
48
What happened beginning in the 1790s?
The Second Great Awakening
49
The Second Great Awakening
A series of religious revivals in the first half of the 1800s characterized by great emotional-ism in large public meetings
50
WHat did the SGA form?
American Christianity
51
What did James McGready successfully do?
Change Kentuckys criminals into good church -gong chritians
52
How many people did the biggest religious gathering have?
20,000
53
What type of religions grew the most from the awakening?
Methodists and Baptists
54
How did Methodism come to America?
John Wesley created it with his brother in England, but Franicis Ausbury was the first bishop to establish American Methodism
55
Differences between Baptism and Methodism
Methodsts were very unified and organized, baptists werent unifed and decentralized
55
Baptism
Was in North America as long as Puritans, founded Brown University,
56
Religious revivals with slaves
Many plantation owners set up religious services for slaves
57
What services did slaves themselves set up?
Congregations that met at night, speaking about there passion for liberty
58
What did thses slave meetings form?
revolts from them, like Denmark Vesey and Nat Turner leading slave revolts
59
What did relgion give to slaves?
Hope, freedom, unity
60
What did Richard Allen make for african americans?
the Bethel Church in Philadelphia in 1794. Thus was born the African Methodist
Episcopal Church, which by 1820 had 4,000 members in Philadelphia and 2,000 more
in Baltimore (racially integrated)
61
WHat did the fear of slave revolts make south government do?
Block the growth of independent blsck churches
62
How about the North
No, free black churches thrive
63
John Carroll
Appointed the first Catholic bishop in America, promoted to Archibishop of Baltimore
64
What did Carroll do?
Created first American college in Georgetown, Maryland
65
Where did the few American Jews live?
In East Coast cities like Newport, Philadephia, and NYC
66
What was hard for farmers west of the Alleghenies?
Shipping their goods over the mountains to the Atlantic Coast
67
Jefferson was worried about farmers and
European influence among them
68
Because Napoleon Bonaparte ruled France, what negotiation did he make with Spain
That the whole Louisiana Territory and New Orleans was returned to France
69
Did Americans like this and was it good for America?
No and No
70
What was the solution?
Buying it back for 6 million
71
Why did Napoleon up the prie to 15 million?
He needed money from loosing it from Haiti
72
What was this called?
Louisiana Purchase
73
Who didnt like the Louisiana Purchase?
Some Federalists in Congress
74
What did many people in New Orleans speak?
French and Spanish
75
What religion was most of New Orleans and how did they feel about gender and race?
Catholic, they had different views of most Americans
76
How were slaves treated in New Orleans?
Could maintain stable families, enjoy holidays, and buy goods for themselves
77
The music that Africans brought to New Orleans was the foundation for
american jazz music
78
How were mixed couples in NO treated, especially women?
They got some backlash, but were mostly supported and black women could maintain relationships with white men and own and sell goods
79
How many people of African origin in NO were free?
1/3
80
What did the French speakers in NO call themselves?
Kaintucks
81
Jefferson wanted to assert dominance in NA and asked congress to support a ¨scientific expedition¨. What came from this?
The Lewis and Clark Expedition
82
Corps of Discovery
the team of soldiers, civilian
woodsmen, boatmen, interpreters, and Clark’s slave York(also name given to expedition)
83
Where did Louis and Clark and the people travel for the expedition?
in St. Louis on the west bank of the Mississippi River
84
What was this place for the expedition?
a Spanish/French trading post of about a thousand people
85
Where did the Corps of Discovery first go?
travel up the Missouri River into the heart of the Louisiana Territory and reached an area close to the current U.S.-Canadian border in North Dakota.
86
Where did they go for winter?
Near a Mandan Indian Village on the Missouri River
87
How did Americans and Mandans get along?
The Americans traded
goods and celebrated feasts, including New Year’s Day with the Mandans
88
Who were two people critical for the expedition?
French trapper Toussaint Charbonneau and his Shoshone partner Sacagawea, who joined the expedition with their newborn child
89
Sacagaweas role
cook and laundress for the corps and used her knowledge of the countryside to find food and translate with some of the tribes they met.
90
In September 1805, where did the group go?
beyond the rather inexact western boundary of the Louisiana Purchase into Oregon
Country that was claimed by Britain, Russia, and Spain, but not the United States
(almost starved)
91
Who took in the expeditioners and fed them?
Large Indian tribe, the Nez Perce Indians
92
What did their indian leader Twisted Hair do for them?
drew a map of the river system
leading to the Columbia River and the Pacific coast and taught the Americans how to make dugout canoes out of pine
93
Where did the group winter until going back to Saint Louis in September 1806?
Fort Clatsop near present day Astoria
94
Zebulon Pike
led an expedition that departed from St. Louis in the fall of 1805 to explore the Mississippi and Arkansas Rivers and much of the present-day state of Colorado.
95
Thomas Freeman
tracked the Red River Valley in the southern portion of the new territory, opened the way for other adventurers and traders,
96
What resulted for America from the War of 1812
resolved issues that had limited U.S. development for decades, and its conclusion launched a new period of growth for the country
97
How long did the Britian and USA tensions exist prior to war of 1812?
Existed since the battles of Lexington and Concord in 1775
98
after the rise of Napoleon, the British saw themselves as
Defenders of the free world against Napoleonic territory
99
what was the greatest divide in America between emerging political parties?
Federalist tilt toward Britain and
the Democratic-Republican tilt toward France
100
What did Britain depend on to protect the island nation?
Navy to protect it from invasion and dominate the oceans
101
Seizing sailors
was seen as vital to Britain but a threat to American freedom and economy of USA
102
Between 1803 and 1812, ______ were pressed into service on British warships against their will, many of whom never returned
3,000–6,000 American
citizens
103
June 1807
the Royal Navy’s HMS Leopard opened fire on the USS Chesapeake after its
commander refused to let British officers board the ship to look for deserters.
104
Because of sailors being killed, what was passed
The Embargo Act
105
Embargo Act
prohibiting American ships from leaving for any foreign port.
106
Results of the Embargo Act
British warehouses were full, and New England shipping lost money as products piled up couldnt be shipped
107
What act did Congress put in place of Embargo Act and what was this acts definition?
Non-Intercourse Act
modify the Embargo Act by limiting it to trade with Britain and France so as to extend U.S. commerce in the rest of the world
108
Warefare between
The US and Indian tribes broke out, the new generation was willing to fight
109
What 2 Tribal Leaders were Americans scared of and who did he have aiding him?
Tenskwatawa and military leader Tecumseh
Britain was aiding them
110
What did Tenskwatawa create?
created a new settlement at what is now West Lafayette, Indiana, called Prophetstown, where Shawnees and other tribes gathered for spiritual renewal.
111
How did Tecumseh prepare for war with USA
Travelled through Ohio region and sought help for British authorities and recruited Cherokees, Choktaws, and Creeks
112
What was Tecumsehs main goal?
all-Indian alliance to drive all whites from the land south of Canada and from between
the Alleghenies and the Mississippi
113
What was Tecumsehs main goal?
all-Indian alliance to drive all whites from the land south of Canada and from between
the Alleghenies and the Mississippi
114
After Indians and Americans found peace, what happened?
William Henry Harrison, governor of the Indiana Territory, attacked Prophetstown
with 1,000 U.S. troops. Harrison’s troops burned the village to the ground
115
War Hawks
Members of Congress, mostly from the South
and West, who aggressively pushed for a war
against Britain after their election in 1810.
116
USA had to worry about a war with
Indians and Britain now
117
Because Federalists didnt want war, what was very ununanimous?
Its commitment to war
118
How did USAs attack on Canada go?
Bad, far fewer
of the people in Canada, English or French, wanted to become part of the United
States than the Americans expected. In addition, the British army was strong and had
been cultivating Indian alliance
119
What did Detroit fall to?
British soldiers
120
The Lake Erie and Battle of the Thames victory for USA protected what?
New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio frontier
121
Who raided Washington and burned the Capitol and White House
British troops
122
What fight inspired Francis Scott Key to write the Star Spangled Banner?
British bombardment of Fort McHenry
123
Were Americans winning battles on the Indian front?
Yes
124
Treaty of Ghent
A treaty signed in December 1814 between the United States and Britain that ended the War of 1812.
125
How did Federalists feel about the new land?
Didnt like it, felt it would only mean new Democrat-Republican representatives in Congress
126
Hartford Convention
A meeting of Federalist delegates from the New England states to protest the continuation of the War of 1812
