Chapter 3 Flashcards
Who became King of England in 1603?
King James I
What did King James end?
royal support for legalized piracy
What did England want in America?
A bigger role in finding minerals and passages to the ¨Other Seas¨
Why did Europeans want to find ¨öther seas¨?
To find a route to China
Jamestown
Men from the Virginia Company arrived in North America and made this colony (1607)
Jamestown government
Appointed a council of 6 to govern and elected their own president
Jamestown disadvanntages:
Bad water supply, Indians reluctant to share food, shortage of food in winter
Where did Jamestown contract diseases from?
water supply
Did the Jamestown council get along?
no
How many colonists from Jamestown were still alive?
35 out of 105
What tribe attacked Jamestown?
The Paspahegh Tribe
Who helped save Jamestown?
John Smith
What tribe did Smith befriend?
the Powhatan
What did Smith order for the Powhatan to do?
Help Jamestown?
What did Smith order for Jamestown to do?
Start working on farms
How did the Powhatan treat Jamestown after Smith left?
The Powhatan left Jamestown, and the English started attacking the Indians
What happened to Jamestown?
Abandoned
Who rebuilt Jamestown
Lord de la Warr with 400 men
What did tobacco do?
Helped people make money and create a monopoly
What colony had perfect climate to grow tobacco?
Virginia
What other land was good for tobacco?
Indian land
In the 1600s, what country was overpopulated?
England
Who sent Protestant extremists across to the AMericas?
King James I
What were these Protestants known as?
Puritans
What did Puritans want?
Extreme changes, like individual people having their own ideas about the Bible
Who were the Separatists
Also known as Pilgrims, thought church was corrupt, always in trouble with the authorities
What did the Pilgrims found?
2nd permanent colony, Plymouth
How did Pilgrims get to Plymouth
Mayflower, took 2 months
Mayflower Compact
Made by Pilgrims, was future generations beginning government by the consent of people
Where is Plymouth located today?
Provincetown, Massachusetts
How did half the colony die?
Disease, cold, and malnutrition
How did Indians come to live in Plymouth
An Indian translator named Squanto helped
What did Indians and Pilgrims agree on
Peace for years
In Massachusetts, who could vote?
Only those who showed true religious conversion , made people angry
Halfway Covenant
Church adopted this in 1662, allowing kids to be baptized
What type of colony was Maryland
Proprietary
What does Proprietary mean
land owned by one person but may allow other on their land
Who was the Proprietor of Maryland?
George Calvert
What religion was George Calvert devoted to?
Catholic
Whe George died, who took his place
Cecil Calvert, his son
What did Cecil Calvert do to the colony
Developed it and granted freedom of worship to all Christians including Protestants
What did Proprietors do for European settlers on their land?
give very European settler 100 acres of land and an extra 100 for every adult, and 50 for every child (the headright system)
WHat and why did this come into Maryland in 1661
Slavery came in to help grow tobacco
What two colonies were united in 1662
New Haven and Connecticut
What colony was separate under a royal governor in 1691
New Hampshire
What colony also was also a proprietory colony
Pennsylvania
Who was Pennsylvanias proprietor?
William Penn
What religion was Penn
Quaker, worshiped God alot
Who did Penn recieve his land grant from
King Charles II in 1681
Who did Pnn recruite to make
18,000 settlers to make Philidelphia
Who did Penn want peace with?
Indians
What did Penn not outlaw until 1700s
Slavery, 1/6 of Philly population
How was Carolina made a Colony
Kind Charles granted 8 of his followers land there
What society did Carolina follow?
Hierarchial
How was Carolina divided?
Poor white farmers in the north, rich in the south
Who created Georgia in 1773
James Oglethorpe
Why was Georgia created?
So the poorest of the poor could find new lives
Who created the first economic foundation for the colonies
John Rolfe, traded food for 20 African slaves to expand his tobacco farm
Where did the first generation African slaves work
Side b side with captured Indians and English and Irish servants
Indentured servants
Worked as well to pay off their travel to America
Anthony Johnson
Slave who was able to farm independently, and gained freedom to own a 250 acre farm
What percent of Africans were free in Virginia in 1668
30%
What was King Charles known for
religious sincerity and lack of political skill
During King Charles reign, who controlled most of the Parliament?
Puritains
What did King Charles do that started a rebellion
Dismissed the Parliament
What did King Charles do that started a rebellion
Dismissed the Parliament
In 1642, what was England going through
a civil war
What happened during the war
The Parliaments army won, having the king executed in 1649
How did Pilgrims treat Indians
Horrible, killing two Indian leaders bc they were supposedly ¨coming back¨ to Plymouth
Why was there tension between Pilgrims and Indians
Pilgrims wanted to convert Indians to religion
What did the Massachusetts Bay Pilgrims do to Indians
attacking a Pequot fortress, setting houses on fire, and attacking anyone who fled because one pilgrim was killed, being named the Pequot War (400 pequots killed)
Nathaniel Bacon
Led a rebellion, a militia attacked Indian villages and the royal governor before being defeated
How many colonists did Virginia have by 1660
40,000 colonists
Who was Virginias governor
Sir William Berkeley
How did Berekeley lead Virginia
Through aristocrat order
What did aristocrat order create
tension between rich and poor whites
What crops were not doing well in 1675
corn and tobacco
What did Nathaniel Bacon do
organized a militia to attack the Indians because they feared unity
Why did Bacon go to jail
Berkeley didnt agree with him
What did Bacon do when released from jail
set Jamestown on fire, but wasn’t successful with 1,000 English troops stopping it
Why did Bacons actions make landowners scared
their indentured servants may rebel on them
Why did Bacons actions make landowners scared
their indentured servants may rebel on them
What trade emerged in the 1500s
Trade between Native Americans and Europeans
Why did the European/ Native American trade occur
to compete with the cod that had been the only North American resource of interest
What other source of trade was big in Europe
Beaver
Samuel de Champlain
began exploring the St. Lawrence River in 1603 and founded the city of Quebec in 16008 as a representative of his private fur company
Who did Champlain join?
The Montagnais and the Hurons against the Iroquois
Hoe did Champlain join the Indians help him
solidified an alliance that would be the foundation of Quebec’s trade
What happened to Quebec after Champlain died
Quebec stayed with their population of 300
What did Louis XVI do to protect Quebec from Indian attacks
Sent 1,000 French soldiers
Who did Governor Louis de Frontenac send to explore a legendary waterway (Mississippi)
Louis Joliet and Father Jacques Marquette
What happened when Marquette and Joliet went to the waterway
Welcomed by Illinois tribe and given food , helped produce an Illinois French alliance
La Salle
had a goal to ally with the Illinois tribe and establish a permanent French presence throughout the Mississippi Valley
what did La Salle claim possession of
Louisiana, he claimed more than 1/2 of North America
How was wealth brought back to New France
French trappers and traders made relations with other Native American tribes
What was Pierre dÍberville commissioned to do
scout the mouth of the Mississippi in 1698
What did Pierre find
a trail connecting the Mississippi to Lake Pontchartrain
Pueblo Revolt
Pueblo Indians of New Mexico led by Poṕe resulted in the greatest defeat of a European colony called the Pueblo Revolt, killed nearly all Spanish who lived there
What did the survivors do
retreated to Mexico with Governor Antonio de Otermin
Did Spanish regain control of New Mexico?
Yes, after 12 years
Did Spanish regain control of New Mexico?
Yes, after 12 years
