CHapter 2 Flashcards
Christopher Columbus landed on ______ in ______
San Salvador, 1492
Who did Christopher Columbus meet in the Americas
Taino Indiaons
What did Columbus introduce to the Tainos?
Christianity and weaponry
What did Europe gain from finding Americas?
Wealth and power
What did the Indians gain from Columbus?
Disease and death
Treaty of Tordesillas
Spain and Portugal split up territories where east of Brazil is Portugal, and the rest of South America is Spanish (1494)
What path did Columbus find and what did it lead to?
Path from Atlantic directly to Asia, led to gold and slaves
Where did Columbus try to set up a government but fail?
(3rd Voyage)
Hispaniola
What did Amerigo Vespucci do?
made voyages between 1497-1504 and found that there was another continent (America)
recognizesd that there was a North and South America
What did European Queen Isabelle and King Ferdinand want?
Gold, but for the Indians to be treated well
What did Nicolas de Ovando do?
Brought spanish settlers to America to build settlements
How did Ovando treat the Taino Indians?
Horrible, 700 were knifed to death
How many Tainos were left in the 1500s
1,000
How did the Tainos die?
Samllpox, measles
Native American population dropped to 4.5 million bc
war and disease
What races dominated Americas in 1514
Mixed
40% spanish men had native wives
What did Columbuses voyages do for others
Voyages became trade routes for Europeans, Americans, and unwilling Africans
Ferdinand Magellan
Took 5 ships and voyages around the peak of Africa
Ferdinand Magellans crew members were the
first to circumnavigate the globe (Magellan died before)
Columbian Exchange
Share of diseases, plants, animals, cultures of Europeans and Americans
Who conquered the Aztec Capital in 1521
Hernan Cortes
What did Cortes rename Tenochtitlan (Aztec Capital)
Mexico City
Who did Cortes take prisoner for Aztec Capital
Its emperor, Motecubzoma
Who turned on Cortes in 1520
The prior Aztecs
Who helped Cortes conquer the Aztecs once and for all
Non-Aztec tribes
What was Mexico Citys new capital and religion
New Spain, Catholic
Did Cortes and his city thrive?
Yes
In 1532, who did Pizarro defeat?
THe Inca EMperor
What did Inca become
Viceroyalty to Peru, supplied gold and silver to finance Spains European Expiditions
Bartolone de las Casas
Spoke out on how Indians were opressed, documented the cruelty of spanish conquistadores
What was Casas before he spoke out for Indians for 50 years
Priest
What was Casas known as?
The ¨Black Legend¨ of Spanish cruelty
Martin Luther (1517)
Hung the 95 Theses on the Catholic Churchs door to challenge their views
What did Martin Luther start?
The Protestant Reformation
What two treaties provided each nation that the ruler would decide the faith of the people
Treaty of West Phalia and Peace of Augsburg
Ponce de Leon
Led first European expeditions to Puerto Rico and Florida
What did Ponce de Leon found?
First spanish community San Juan in 1508
What did Ponce de Leon found?
First spanish community San Juan in 1508
What was Ponce de Leon the governor of?
Puerto Rico
How many followers did Leon come back with after his expeditions?
200
WHat did Leon seek?
Fountain of Youth and expansion of Spains empire in the Americas
Panfilo de Nareaz
Sailed with 400 men to Florida to colonize it
What happened to Naraez and his group?
Attacked by American Indians, left with 250 men
Where were Naraez and Group taken
Galveston Texas by wind and rain
What heppened at galveston
After many casualties, only 15 out of 80 explorers survived winter and disease
Who remained after Naraez group casualties
Vaca, Dorantes, Maldonado, and slave Esteban
How did the 4 get home, how long did it take
Walked to Mexico City, took 8 years
How did the 4 use the way home as an advantage?
Stopped at villages and learned of 7 wealthy cities with buildings of gold, silver, and copper
Who led the exploration to find the wealthy cities
Marco de Niza with Esteban in 1539
Why did Niza stop his investigation?
Threatened to be killed
Hernando de Soto
Explored to Florida with 600 spaniards and 100 captive Indians, moved p to Georgia and the Carolinas (1540)
Who did Soto take captive and where did she take them
A princess in Cofitachqui, led them to the Appalachian Mountains but escaped
Gaspard de Coligny
A French Protestant that recruited Florida settlers, wanting to secure land for the French and find seas between Spain in Mexico and South America and Spain itself
Why was Coligny a threat to Spaniards
He threatened religion, so they established cities in Florida to oust the French Protestants
Verrazanno
Explored Atlantic Coast to find sea roue to Asia for France
First to sail to New York Harbor
Jacques Carter
Explored Newfoundlnd and gulf of St. Lawrence River and a;so explored Quebec and Montreal
Who did Carter trade with and how did he lose crew
Traded with Indians, lost crew from winter
Francis Drake
famous pirate known to exploit commissioned by the government, helping harass the Spanish treasure fleets
WHat did Francis Drake also explore
exploring around the globe from 1577 to 1580, then continuing across the Pacific and around Africa
What did Drake attack
St. Augustine to help defeat the SPanish Armada and died in 1596 while harassing the Spanish
WHat was Columbuses 2nd voyage?
second voyage with 17 ships to find gold and slaves
What helped fuel the Protestant Reformation
The printing press
