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APUSH > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What increased the population of United States in the 18302, 40s, and 50s?

A

Immigration and the nation expanding borders

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2
Q

What type of people were expanding America?

A

Native Americans, Chinese, Irish, German

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3
Q

Some reasons for immigration

A

Economic opportunities, fleeding famines,

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4
Q

3 major ethnic groups in USA before imigration

A

Europeans, Africans of different backgrounds, and American Indians

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5
Q

Why did many leave China?

A

Because of very strict laws and the Opium wars between China and Britain, population was huge in China so land was scarce

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6
Q

Why did Americans in Hawaii and California like the idea of Chinese immigrants?

A

Saw them as a key to solve the shortage of workers on sugar plantations and to clear and cultivate land

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7
Q

How many of the Chinese immigrants were male?

A

95%

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8
Q

The early chinese immigrants came for

A

the gold rush to support their families

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9
Q

Most Chinese women immigrants were

A

prostituted, lured into work by false promises, or forced to work

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10
Q

What did Americans do because they didnt like Chinese miners for gold?

A

Added a $3 immigration miners license tax

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11
Q

Chinese who stayed in the US started

A

laying railroad tracks of the Central Pacific Railroad

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12
Q

Most Irish who came to USA were____ and came because of ______

A

Irish Protestants, the Irish famine

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13
Q

Great Famine of 1845-1850

A

The potato blight in Ireland that caused mass
starvation and immigration to the United States.

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14
Q

What caused the famine?

A

A potato fungus grew on all of Irelands potatoes, devastating their food source, 1 million died

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15
Q

How many Irish left to immigrate to America?

A

2 million

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16
Q

How were the Irish voyages to America?

A

Horrible, high death rate due to malnutrition, insanitary conditions, and overrowding

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17
Q

Why did many Protestant Americans not like the Irish?

A

Majority were Catholic

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18
Q

Where were the places that the Irish moved to the most?

A

New York, Chicago, Boston, and Philadelphia

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19
Q

What was important that the Irish worked on?

A

Eastern side of the Transcontinental Railroad

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20
Q

How were German immigrants?

A

Kept to themselves more, came over with more resources

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21
Q

Know Nothing Party

A

Anti-immigrant party formed from the
wreckage of the Whig Party and some
disaffected Northern Democrats in 1854

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22
Q

What was the Knw Nothing Party against?

A

Catholics and immigrants, banning them for holding office and limiting Catholics political power

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23
Q

What was Father Antonio Jose Martinez trying to do?

A

Trying to keep peace where Mexican and Pueblo Indian residents had rebelled against the new American authorities, killing the American appointed governor, Charles Bent

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24
Q

What territories that were Spanish ruled now USA ruled?

A

Pueblo, Navajo, Comanche, Apache, Ute, and Cheyenne tribes as well as Spanish settlements

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25
What did most former Mexican citizens now in the US doing?
Staying in USA and making a life there
26
What did the large population of newly arrived immigrants do for Mexican citizens
Destroyed their economic base
27
United States Land Commission
set up specifically to challenge the Mexican land grants on which Vallejo’s and his compatriot’s fortunes rested. (treated all grants as invalid)
28
In Texas, what population was small?
Tejanos
29
The transfer of authority from Mexico to USA caused what in the southwest?
Increased poverty and far less of an opportunity in the justice court system
30
What group lynched, tortured, and whipped people when they didnt agree with court decisions?
Committees of Vigilance
31
What was happening too frequently?
Kangaroo courts ( unauthorized and obviously biased courts) and lynchings were all too common within and across all ethnic lines as traditional community relationships were destroyed by distance and greed.
32
Why did southern planters benefit from slavery after the War of 1812?
Cotton market, slave labor, technology, and transportation exploded.
33
What increased as cotton trade increased?
The value of individual slaves
34
Why were many slaves moved from the coast to cotton states?
Because cotton demand was high and plantation owners needed more slaves.
35
Who did not support what the south was doing?
The north
36
What did anti slavery forces created?
The Liberty Party and nominated James E. Birney for president
37
What party ran against the Liberty?
The Free Soil Party, nominating President Martin Van Buren as a canadite
38
Who won the popular vote?
Van Buren
39
How did the South defend slavery?
Started to describe slavery as a positive good, an institution that Christianized “heathen” Africans while providing them with food, shelter, and an ordered life
40
What did the growing amount of slavery lead to?
Better treatment for slaves
41
How did the slave population grow?
4 million in 1860
42
Some downsides to slaves now:
slave cabins were hot and stuffy in summer, the meals were monotonous, the work for adults was backbreaking, and then working in hot fields, hoeing or picking cotton, with little break until sunset, slaves were whipped routinely for falling behind in their work, the separation of spouses continued without interruption, and slave women could not protect their own bodies
43
Who was an overseer on large plantations
usually a poor white man hired to get the most profit from slaves as possible
44
How slaves resisted slavery:
Pretended to be ill or lazy, ran away, and started large scale revolts
45
Underground Railroad
Support system set up by antislavery groups in the upper South and the North to assist fugitive slaves in escaping the South.
46
Conductors of the Underground Railroad
knew the hidden paths and the safe houses where sympathetic owners were willing to hide runaway slaves as they journeyed ever further north, either to cities in the United States or, increasingly, out of the United States to Canada.
47
What media helped offer detail about runaway slaves?
Advertisements in newspapers
48
What did runaway slaves become during Reconstruction?
Abolitionists, and later national leaders
49
Who published the Liberator?
William Lloyd Garrison
50
What did this help end 5 years later?
Slavery with the 13th Amendment
51
American Anti-Slavery Society
Founded in Boston, the society was dedicated to the abolition of slavery
52
What was part of the AASS
William Lloyd Garrison
53
Garrison Life
Modeled himself as an Old Testament prophet, almost lynched, believed in free labor, and friends with abolitionists, slaves, and Fredrick Douglass
54
What did Garrison not support
Violence of any kind
55
WHat did the AASS do to make their cause heard?
Put out antislavery revivalists to preach the sin of slavery
56
12 -15% of people in American were
slaves or former slaves
57
No Americans were free of
economic ties to slavery and its impact on American culture and politics
58
Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions
The resolutions passed at the Womans Rights Convention calling for full equality, including the right to vote, for women
59
Grimke SIsters
Advicators for abolishionists and feminists, linked both, first female representatives for AASS
60
Organizers of the Seneca Falls Womens Rights Convention
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott
61
WHy did thy create this?
At an Anti Slavery Convention that they were at, all women were excluded from having a speaking role
62
Most of the responses to the Womens Convention was
Negative
63
Who was the strong supporters of womens rights?
Fredrick Douglass and male abolitionists
64
Important rights for women to have
Control their own property, law finally granted that land couldnt be taken from them by their husbands, antiprostitution societies to protect from being forced to work
65
What did Stanton think about divorce?
Marriage was a simple legal contract and divorce should be easy

APUSH (51 decks)

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