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APUSH > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

What increased the population of United States in the 18302, 40s, and 50s?

A

Immigration and the nation expanding borders

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2
Q

What type of people were expanding America?

A

Native Americans, Chinese, Irish, German

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3
Q

Some reasons for immigration

A

Economic opportunities, fleeding famines,

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4
Q

3 major ethnic groups in USA before imigration

A

Europeans, Africans of different backgrounds, and American Indians

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5
Q

Why did many leave China?

A

Because of very strict laws and the Opium wars between China and Britain, population was huge in China so land was scarce

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6
Q

Why did Americans in Hawaii and California like the idea of Chinese immigrants?

A

Saw them as a key to solve the shortage of workers on sugar plantations and to clear and cultivate land

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7
Q

How many of the Chinese immigrants were male?

A

95%

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8
Q

The early chinese immigrants came for

A

the gold rush to support their families

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9
Q

Most Chinese women immigrants were

A

prostituted, lured into work by false promises, or forced to work

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10
Q

What did Americans do because they didnt like Chinese miners for gold?

A

Added a $3 immigration miners license tax

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11
Q

Chinese who stayed in the US started

A

laying railroad tracks of the Central Pacific Railroad

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12
Q

Most Irish who came to USA were____ and came because of ______

A

Irish Protestants, the Irish famine

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13
Q

Great Famine of 1845-1850

A

The potato blight in Ireland that caused mass
starvation and immigration to the United States.

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14
Q

What caused the famine?

A

A potato fungus grew on all of Irelands potatoes, devastating their food source, 1 million died

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15
Q

How many Irish left to immigrate to America?

A

2 million

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16
Q

How were the Irish voyages to America?

A

Horrible, high death rate due to malnutrition, insanitary conditions, and overrowding

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17
Q

Why did many Protestant Americans not like the Irish?

A

Majority were Catholic

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18
Q

Where were the places that the Irish moved to the most?

A

New York, Chicago, Boston, and Philadelphia

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19
Q

What was important that the Irish worked on?

A

Eastern side of the Transcontinental Railroad

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20
Q

How were German immigrants?

A

Kept to themselves more, came over with more resources

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21
Q

Know Nothing Party

A

Anti-immigrant party formed from the
wreckage of the Whig Party and some
disaffected Northern Democrats in 1854

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22
Q

What was the Knw Nothing Party against?

A

Catholics and immigrants, banning them for holding office and limiting Catholics political power

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23
Q

What was Father Antonio Jose Martinez trying to do?

A

Trying to keep peace where Mexican and Pueblo Indian residents had rebelled against the new American authorities, killing the American appointed governor, Charles Bent

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24
Q

What territories that were Spanish ruled now USA ruled?

A

Pueblo, Navajo, Comanche, Apache, Ute, and Cheyenne tribes as well as Spanish settlements

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25
Q

What did most former Mexican citizens now in the US doing?

A

Staying in USA and making a life there

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26
Q

What did the large population of newly arrived immigrants do for Mexican citizens

A

Destroyed their economic base

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27
Q

United States Land Commission

A

set up specifically to challenge the Mexican land grants on which Vallejo’s and his
compatriot’s fortunes rested. (treated all grants as invalid)

28
Q

In Texas, what population was small?

A

Tejanos

29
Q

The transfer of authority from Mexico to USA caused what in the southwest?

A

Increased poverty and far less of an opportunity in the justice court system

30
Q

What group lynched, tortured, and whipped people when they didnt agree with court decisions?

A

Committees of Vigilance

31
Q

What was happening too frequently?

A

Kangaroo courts ( unauthorized and obviously biased courts) and lynchings were all too common within and across all ethnic lines as traditional community relationships were
destroyed by distance and greed.

32
Q

Why did southern planters benefit from slavery after the War of 1812?

A

Cotton market, slave labor, technology, and transportation exploded.

33
Q

What increased as cotton trade increased?

A

The value of individual slaves

34
Q

Why were many slaves moved from the coast to cotton states?

A

Because cotton demand was high and plantation owners needed more slaves.

35
Q

Who did not support what the south was doing?

A

The north

36
Q

What did anti slavery forces created?

A

The Liberty Party and nominated James E. Birney for president

37
Q

What party ran against the Liberty?

A

The Free Soil Party, nominating President Martin Van Buren as a canadite

38
Q

Who won the popular vote?

A

Van Buren

39
Q

How did the South defend slavery?

A

Started to describe slavery as a positive good, an institution that Christianized “heathen” Africans while providing them with food, shelter, and an ordered life

40
Q

What did the growing amount of slavery lead to?

A

Better treatment for slaves

41
Q

How did the slave population grow?

A

4 million in 1860

42
Q

Some downsides to slaves now:

A

slave cabins were hot and stuffy in summer, the meals were monotonous, the work for adults was backbreaking, and then working in hot fields, hoeing or picking cotton, with little break until sunset, slaves were whipped routinely for falling behind in their work, the separation of spouses continued without interruption, and slave women could not protect their own bodies

43
Q

Who was an overseer on large plantations

A

usually a poor white man hired to get the most profit from slaves as possible

44
Q

How slaves resisted slavery:

A

Pretended to be ill or lazy, ran away, and started large scale revolts

45
Q

Underground Railroad

A

Support system set up by antislavery groups
in the upper South and the North to assist
fugitive slaves in escaping the South.

46
Q

Conductors of the Underground Railroad

A

knew the hidden paths and the safe houses where sympathetic owners were willing to hide runaway slaves as they journeyed ever further
north, either to cities in the United States or, increasingly, out of the United States to
Canada.

47
Q

What media helped offer detail about runaway slaves?

A

Advertisements in newspapers

48
Q

What did runaway slaves become during Reconstruction?

A

Abolitionists, and later national leaders

49
Q

Who published the Liberator?

A

William Lloyd Garrison

50
Q

What did this help end 5 years later?

A

Slavery with the 13th Amendment

51
Q

American Anti-Slavery Society

A

Founded in Boston, the society was dedicated to the abolition of slavery

52
Q

What was part of the AASS

A

William Lloyd Garrison

53
Q

Garrison Life

A

Modeled himself as an Old Testament prophet, almost lynched, believed in free labor, and friends with abolitionists, slaves, and Fredrick Douglass

54
Q

What did Garrison not support

A

Violence of any kind

55
Q

WHat did the AASS do to make their cause heard?

A

Put out antislavery revivalists to preach the sin of slavery

56
Q

12 -15% of people in American were

A

slaves or former slaves

57
Q

No Americans were free of

A

economic ties to slavery and its impact on American culture and politics

58
Q

Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions

A

The resolutions passed at the Womans Rights Convention calling for full equality, including the right to vote, for women

59
Q

Grimke SIsters

A

Advicators for abolishionists and feminists, linked both, first female representatives for AASS

60
Q

Organizers of the Seneca Falls Womens Rights Convention

A

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott

61
Q

WHy did thy create this?

A

At an Anti Slavery Convention that they were at, all women were excluded from having a speaking role

62
Q

Most of the responses to the Womens Convention was

A

Negative

63
Q

Who was the strong supporters of womens rights?

A

Fredrick Douglass and male abolitionists

64
Q

Important rights for women to have

A

Control their own property, law finally granted that land couldnt be taken from them by their husbands, antiprostitution societies to protect from being forced to work

65
Q

What did Stanton think about divorce?

A

Marriage was a simple legal contract and divorce should be easy

APUSH (51 decks)

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