ch 13 forgotten notes Flashcards
After one of Lincolns speeches, what caused the South to start a prelude of war?
The refusal of Lincoln to recognize succession and his claim on federal property of the south
Where did conflict start?
Fort Sumter
WHat happened?
Sumter was commanded by Major Robert Anderson. South Carolina authorities demanded that outgoing
President Buchanan remove the federal garrison and hand the fort over to them. Buchanan refused, in turn fired on Sumters supply ship, leaving Anderson to evacuate or surrender soon
What did Lincoln send to Sumter
Supply ship
What happened next?
Confederate troop started attacking Sumter and Anderson surrendered
Who were 4 new senators brought up?
Stephen A. Douglas,William H. Seward, Salmon P. Chase, Jefferson Davis
Which senators were pro slavery?
Calhoun and Davis
What were they worried about?
Growing abolition in the North
What did radical abolitionists believe in?
Free labor, which means they thought slavery was dangerous to economic independence
Wilmot Proviso
Bill proposed stating that slavery will never be in the territories gained from Mexico (California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, most of Arizona and Colorado, and parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Wyoming)
Who created this idea?
Democrat David Wilmot
How far did this bill get?
Passed by the house but stopped by southern senators
What person did southerners/democrats nominate for 1848 election and why?
Zachary Taylor, had slaves and a plantation (he was elected)
What type of policies did Taylor want?
Add California ad New Mexico as a free state
How did Southern states take this?
Threatened to secede
How did Henry Clay compromise this?
Proposed that New Mexico gain some of Texas land and Texas gets 10 million to pay off debt
How did people feel about this?
South had great appeal
WHo supported Clays proposal?
Daniel Webster
What did Webster ruin ?
His reputation in Massachusetts because Massachusetts didnt want to compromise with slaveholders
What happened in 1850?
Calhoun and Taylor died in office, Fillmore took Taylors place
Did Fillmore support Clays proposal?
Yes
What was the ending compromise?
1.California was admitted as a free state
2.New Mexico and Utah were organized as territories with no votes in Congress, thus maintaining the balance in the Senate
3. The slave trade but not slavery was prohibited in the District of Columbia
4. Texas happily accepted the $10 million in exchange for a less expansive border with New Mexico
Fugitive Slave Act
law that was part of the Compromise of 1850. It created a new set of federal agents to help track runaway slaves and required authorities in the North to assist Southern slave catchers and return runaway slaves to their owners
How did South feel about the slave act?
absolutely loved it
How did the slave act work in court?
Court appointed federal commissioners who were paid double for every fugitive slave they found compared to a free person, 1000 dollar fine for anyone with a fugitive slave.
Which next president upheld the Fugitive Slave Act?
Franklin Pierce, but he got criticism for it
How did the North break rules about slavery?
Went against the Fugitive Slave Act
How did the South break rules about slavery?
still bringing slaves from Africa
Uncle Toms Cabin
Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, slave was kind and owner wasnt, slave escaped on Ohio River
Popular Sovereignty
A solution to the slavery crisis suggested by Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan by which ter-ritorial residents, not Congress, would decide slavery’s fate in any proposed new state
What compromise did popular sovereignty go against?
Missouri Compomise, which was
Kansas-Nebraska Act
creating the Kansas and Nebraska Territories but leaving the question of slavery open to local residents.
Republican Party
new political party created in 1854 that was dedicated to stopping the spread of slavery in any place in the nation where it did not exist
What did the Republican Party make decline?
Free Soil Party
Who ran for Senator in Illinois?
Abraham Lincoln
Who didnt want Lincoln running for Senator?
Douglass
How did abolitionists feel about Lincoln?
Too moderate on slavery
How did Kansas handle picking between slavery or no slavery to be admitted as a state?
Became very split
What as created in Kansas?
Topeka Constitution, which created another legislature in Kansas
What happened to Topeka?
Pierces troops stopped it because it was illegal
Lecompton Constitution
Pro-slavery draft written in 1857 by Kansas territorial delegates elected under questionable circumstances; it what was decisively defeated by Congress.
(basically said if Kansas was admitted as a free state slaves would remain as slaves)
Bleeding Kansas
Violence between pro- and antislavery forces in Kansas Territory after the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, lasted 4 years
How was Kansas dealt with?
US army started slowly asserting control
Dred Scott v. Standford
A Supreme Court case brought by Dred Scott, a slave demanding his freedom based on his residence in a free state and a free territory with his master
What was the process of this case?
1) Chief Justice Roger Toney said that the black man had no rights the United States needed to honor
2) Ruled that they were not entitled to the rights and privileges of a citizen in any other state
3)Ruled Scott back to slavery but also that congress could not prohibit slavery in any federal territory under any circumstance.
What grow tied the North and South together shortly?
Cotton, northern mill workers and southern plantation owners
Panic of 1857
A banking crisis that caused a credit crunch in the North; it was less severe in the South, where high cotton prices spurred a quick recovery.
Who was more effected?
North, South had a more consistent economy
How was this settled?
Tariff put in place where it helped the north but hurt the south- increased the price of manufactured goods did not increase the price of cotton.
Who did Lincoln finally run against for Senate?
Stephen Douglass
How did Douglas attack Lincoln?
Persistently asked why there couldnt be both free and slave states and criticism
Who won the senate?
Douglas
Mason-Dixon Line
A line surveyed by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon between 1763 and 1767 that settled the border between the then colonies of Pennsylvania and Maryland
Brown
Wanted to start a slave revolt at Harpers Ferry, Douglass thought this was ridiculous
Browns attack
1) took 16 whites and 5 black men to Harpers Ferry to attack
2) They did not get far as they were surrounded by Robert E. Lee’s army.
3)Captured and taken to court.
4)Found guilty
5) Sentenced to be hung
Browns Reaction
Talked with news and seemed calm
Hero in the North
At first thought to be insane but then they began to support him and think that violence may be needed to end this.
How did the Know-Nothing Party fall apart?
anti-immigration was not as large of an issue.
Who did Republicans nominate for the 1860 election?
Lincoln
Who did Democrats nominate?
Stephen Douglas
What other 2 nominees campaigned against each other in the South?
John Breckenridge and John Bell
Who won?
Lincoln
Crittenden Compromise
A last-ditch effort at a compromise to amend the Constitution to protect slavery in states where it existed-Proposed to keep the Missouri Compromise and expand it to the Pacific.
Who denied this compromise?
Lincoln
Confederate States of America
Southerners were amd about the election so they held a 6 day convention in Montgomery Alabama to create a provisional president and vice president. Seemed that many Northerners were ready to fight to preserve the union rather than lose it.
In Lincoln’s inaugural address he said the South had broken the law
Major Robert Anderson
Confederate side, took troops to attack to get Fort Sumter , but ended up just attacking a ship that retreated.
Ended up firing at the fort starting the war.
Which states voted on succession?
Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Arkansas
Who did secede?
Kentucky
How did Louisiana and Arkansas decide what side they were on?
the Union won battles in the states, making them part of the Union
