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APUSH > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Even though the Declaration of Independence was written for the people, what was still left unequal?

A

Sexism and slavery

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2
Q

What happened to the men who originally wanted a democracy?

A

died

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3
Q

What was the state of the northern army

A

Bored and unpaid

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4
Q

Who took a petition to the Congress in Philadelphia t fix the money issue?

A

Alexander McDougall, John Brooks, and Matthias Ogden

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5
Q

What was the army doing to make money?

A

Borrowing from friends

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6
Q

Who was governing the nation in Philly

A

the Articles of Confederation

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7
Q

What did the Articles ensure for the nation?

A

Democratic government, led by a Congress of representatives elected by voters of 13 states
Government couldnt levy taxes

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8
Q

What did the men in Congress who supported the idea of powerful central governments do?

A

Used the army petition to demand that Congress was given the power to tax so they gain their own money

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9
Q

Who led the Federalist Party?

A

Alexander Hamilton

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10
Q

What did the Federalists make clear to the armys representatives?

A

They needed to support giving Congress the power to tax if they were ever to get paid

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11
Q

What did leaders of the Republican-Democrat Party fear?

A

maintaining a standing army

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12
Q

What did these leaders oppose?

A

a larger government fueled by national taxes

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13
Q

What did these leaders want?

A

Wanted to maintain the national government as it was ( a weak alliance of individually strong states)

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14
Q

Who was planning a military takeover of the New Republic?

A

A group of young officers who disliked Washington but worshipped Horatio Gates

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15
Q

Who published the Newburgh Adresses?

A

Major John Armstrong Jr.

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16
Q

What did the Newburgh Adresses have contextually?

A

The previous petitions to congress were meek and milked

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17
Q

Who was horrified of the situations going on?

A

Washington

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18
Q

How did Washington get back at what was happening?

A

Asked Gates to postpone their meeting, having the officers thinking they won. Then at the meeting, Washington attacked the Newburgh Address and told the officers how unprofessional they were

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19
Q

Did Washingtons speech work?

A

Yes

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20
Q

What ended with Washingtons speech

A

weak civil government

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21
Q

WHat did Congress vote in response to Washingtons speech?

A

To give cash to all officers promised a pension and passed a tax on imports to pay off national debt

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22
Q

What began to disband as civilian leadership was spreading?

A

Continental Army

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23
Q

WHo returned to civilian life in Mount Vernon, Virginia?

A

Washington

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24
Q

What type of people were unhappy

A

poor people

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25
Q

WHy were these people mad?

A

Some were enlisted in the Revolutionary Army and had complaints about salaries

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26
Q

What did the influx of imported goods create?

A

economic depression, hit the poor the hardest

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27
Q

What was the mot famous response to this unhappiness?

A

Shays rebellion

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28
Q

Who led Shays Rebellion?

A

Daniel Shays

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29
Q

Those who participated in the rebellion were called

A

Regulators

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30
Q

Before the rebellion, what were farmers in Massachusetts petitioning?

A

Relief from economic hardships brought on by increase in taxes

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31
Q

Why was this hard for farmers?

A

The reduction in their income and demand for taxes to be paid in cash was too much to accept

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32
Q

Who blamed farmers for what theyre going through?

A

Massachusetts legislature

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33
Q

What did the farmers do about this?

A

Stopped the courts from issuing foreclosure rulings but going in with muskets and clubs

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34
Q

How did the government react to this?

A

Passed the Riot Act that prohibited 12 or more armed persons from gathering

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35
Q

What happened after the act was put up?

A

Shays made a plan that his and his followers would attack the federal arsenal in Springfield and march to Boston to ¨destroy the devils¨

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36
Q

Did Shays succeed?

A

No, his followers mistaked times and the governments militia overpowered the Rebellion

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37
Q

What progressed, making farmers happier?

A

Economy was increasing

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38
Q

What effect did the rebels leave on the government?

A

Scared the government, hastening a movement towards a stronger national government

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39
Q

Who was determined to not let rebellions hurt the government

A

Washington and Henry Lee

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40
Q

Who dominated the interior of the Americas?

A

Indians

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41
Q

Why was Whites moving across the mountains and claiming western lands a bad idea

A

They were in danger of Indian Attacks

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42
Q

How Vermont became the first new state:

A

Many settled on the eastern side of Lake Champlain wanted independence from New Hampshire and New York. Those who fought for the land also wanted to control it

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43
Q

One of the most significant accomplishments of Congress operated under the Articles of Confederation

A

Creation of the northwest territory out of lands claimed by Pennsylvania, New York, Connecticut, and Massachusetts

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44
Q

What did the territorial governments that Congress set up turn into?

A

Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin

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45
Q

What was established in 1785

A

Grid System

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46
Q

What did the grid system do?

A

Created clear and organized boundaries for farms and towns

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47
Q

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A

Banned slavery in northwest territories, mandated religious freedom, and developed public schools

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48
Q

Daniel Boone

A

First explored the trans-Appalachian territory that would be known as Kentucky

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49
Q

What did Boone do during the Revolution

A

Blazed the ¨Wilderness Trail¨ through the Cumberland Gap in the Appalachians and established a settlement called Boonesborough

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50
Q

What did land west of Georgia become?

A

Northern 2/3s of Alabama and Mississippi

51
Q

Did Indians give up land easily?

A

No

52
Q

What was considered the greatest threat to the United States?

A

American Indians

53
Q

What disappeared?

A

The Proclamation line (protected Indian land)

54
Q

What did the Treaty of Paris do that poorly effected Indians?

A

ceded all lands between the Atlantic Coast, Mississippi, and South of the Great Lakes to the new United States without consulting with the Indians

55
Q

What did the New York legislature consider about the Indians?

A

Expelling all the tribes of the Six nations because of their alliance with Britain during the war

56
Q

What did British promise?

A

To withdraw from all forts south of the Great Lakes

57
Q

What was the result in that?

A

a power vacuum in the region

58
Q

Why did Congress create the US Army

A

To occupy Fort Niagara in Buffalo! and and Fort Pitt

59
Q

WHat was a downside of creating the amry?

A

Difficulty raising funds to keep the army paid, fed, and supplied

60
Q

Because Indians didnt formally make alliances with the new nation, what did they start doing?

A

Attacking armies and settlers, kidnapped, and destructed property

61
Q

Where did Indians have an upper hand?

A

Northwest Territory and Kentucky

62
Q

Where was peace found with the Indians and the US government?

A

On the New York border due to the Treaty of Fort Stanwix

63
Q

Did this treaty hold?

A

No, Northwest Territory held war with Indians

64
Q

Who sought financial support for his people because he helped play a part in Britains side in the Revolution?

A

Joseph Brant

65
Q

Who did Brant ask?

A

High ranking British officials as well as King George III

66
Q

What dd Brant create?

A

an Indian Confederation

67
Q

Who was included in this confederation?

A

Representatives of the Iroquois Army, and other tribes such as the Cherokees

68
Q

What did the Indians demand from the Indian Confederation?

A

Demanded that Congress ensured white settlement ended at the Ohio River

69
Q

What lave reminded Jefferson that ¨all men were created equal¨

A

Benjamin Banneker

70
Q

What words did slaves know should count for them aswell?

A

Freedom and liberty

71
Q

What news spread to America resulting in more push for slaves freedom?

A

France abolishing slavery and Haiti winning independence

72
Q

What happened to all the slaves fighting at Yorktown?

A

Some were brought back to slavery, some were abandoned, and some sailed with the British and went up to Canada to be free

73
Q

By the time Washington was president, where was slavery abolished?

A

Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont

74
Q

What state had the most slaves up North?

A

New York

75
Q

Where was money mostly made resulting slaves?

A

Slave trade

76
Q

What prohibited slavery in Ohio

A

Northwest Ordinance

77
Q

Where was slavery still going strong?

A

Carolinas, Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee

78
Q

Ratio of African American slaves vs freed

A

1 in 10 African Americans

79
Q

How did slaves win freedom?

A

Through the army, through state action, and set free by owners

80
Q

Did it take the North long to get rid of slavery?

A

Yes

81
Q

Where did free blacks work?

A

Merchant ships, whaling vessels, navy, docks

82
Q

Throughout the North what did free blacks call themselves?

A

Africans or the Free African Society

83
Q

What happened with slavery in Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina?

A

Owners started slowly letting their slaves go

84
Q

What did runaway blacks do?

A

Got a new identity to maintain freedom

85
Q

What type of economy did free blacks work in?

A

Diverse

86
Q

WHhat type of diverse things were happening with the economy?

A

Growing wheat, flour mills,blacksmith shops, ironworks

87
Q

What did blacks do to learn more skills?

A

¨rented out¨ and moved from job to job

88
Q

What happened with the less fortunate slaves?

A

Owners would increase wealth by making slaves have more children and selling all the children

89
Q

How was slavery in South Carolina and Georgia?

A

Owners still produced money with slaves, so they kept slaves working

90
Q

How did number of slaves go up in South Carolina?

A

100,000 to 200,000

91
Q

How did # of slaves go up in Georgia?

A

30,000 to 100,000

92
Q

How did slaves survive n the South?

A

Making communities with other slaves that provided communal support

93
Q

What did Abigail Adams want?

A

Wanted the American Revolution to recognize more rights for women

94
Q

How did Adams husband, John Adams respond to her?

A

Ignored her

95
Q

American Indian Women

A

Paid a higher price for their loyalty to Britain

96
Q

Slave women

A

Sided with the British more than America
Some fled with British for freedom

97
Q

Loyalist Wives

A

Stayed home while their husbands joined the British army or fled to Canada

98
Q

White Women loyalists

A

Faced hostile neighbors, local governments, and many lost their homes

99
Q

How did political independence of the US effect women?

A

Gave omen personal independence like them postponing marriages, divorcing men, and wanting a higher education

100
Q

Mary Wollstonecraft

A

Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman

101
Q

What did Wollstonecrafts book say?

A

Wanted women to have equal righst as men

102
Q

Republican Motherhood

A

Women would advise their husbands and sons to be active citizens and their daughters to be part of another generation of mother who shaped the nation

103
Q

What did Private Academies do

A

Opened their doors to women

104
Q

What did the Bill of rights add for women?

A

the right to petition the government for redress of grievances

105
Q

What rigst did women gain after the war

A

right to own property

106
Q

Double standards of Republican Motherhood?

A

Upper class women expected to be guardians of sexual mortality and servanst and poor women werent included in opportunities for education

107
Q

13 states government rules

A

All 13 states needed to agree to levy taxes, and only 9 had to agree to pass a law.

108
Q

What did the AMerican citizens think about the American Confederation?

A

It wasnt working, too weak

109
Q

Some of Americas financial crisis impacts

A

Couldnt pay off loans from the Revolution, didnt have a sstrong army to protect west from Indians, gave in when mobs took control of court houses

110
Q

Annapolis Convention

A

5 states send delegates to deal with economic rivalry between the states

111
Q

Result of Annapolis Convention

A

Hamilton wrote to Congress asking states to send delegates to ¨make provisions necessary to reder the constitution¨

112
Q

Constitutional Convention of 1787

A

Convention that met in Philadelphia that drafted the Constitution of the US

113
Q

Who knew about the Constitution

A

Only the delegates who were inside that helped make it

114
Q

Who was a key in creating the Constitution?

A

James Madison

115
Q

Virginia Plan

A

First outline of the new constitution

116
Q

Virgina Plan outline

A

New Congress with 2 houses, members based on proportional representation reflecting states populations,

117
Q

What were some things included in the Constitution?

A

Separation of Powers, Federalism, proportional representation

118
Q

What stuck instead of proportional representation

A

Connecticut Plan- creating a house of Representatives with memebrs elected by districts based on population

119
Q

What was also proposed by Madison

A

Electoral college

120
Q

Slaves in the Constitution

A

Not mentioned in document but lots of people like Madison, Jefferson, and Washington didnt like it

121
Q

3/5 clause

A

Slaves would be counted as three/fifths of a person for esablishing a states representation

122
Q

Federalists

A

Those who supported the constitution

123
Q

Antifederalists

A

oppose the constitution

APUSH (51 decks)

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