Chapter 6 Flashcards
1
Q
Even though the Declaration of Independence was written for the people, what was still left unequal?
A
Sexism and slavery
2
Q
What happened to the men who originally wanted a democracy?
A
died
3
Q
What was the state of the northern army
A
Bored and unpaid
4
Q
Who took a petition to the Congress in Philadelphia t fix the money issue?
A
Alexander McDougall, John Brooks, and Matthias Ogden
5
Q
What was the army doing to make money?
A
Borrowing from friends
6
Q
Who was governing the nation in Philly
A
the Articles of Confederation
7
Q
What did the Articles ensure for the nation?
A
Democratic government, led by a Congress of representatives elected by voters of 13 states
Government couldnt levy taxes
8
Q
What did the men in Congress who supported the idea of powerful central governments do?
A
Used the army petition to demand that Congress was given the power to tax so they gain their own money
9
Q
Who led the Federalist Party?
A
Alexander Hamilton
10
Q
What did the Federalists make clear to the armys representatives?
A
They needed to support giving Congress the power to tax if they were ever to get paid
11
Q
What did leaders of the Republican-Democrat Party fear?
A
maintaining a standing army
12
Q
What did these leaders oppose?
A
a larger government fueled by national taxes
13
Q
What did these leaders want?
A
Wanted to maintain the national government as it was ( a weak alliance of individually strong states)
14
Q
Who was planning a military takeover of the New Republic?
A
A group of young officers who disliked Washington but worshipped Horatio Gates
15
Q
Who published the Newburgh Adresses?
A
Major John Armstrong Jr.
16
Q
What did the Newburgh Adresses have contextually?
A
The previous petitions to congress were meek and milked
17
Q
Who was horrified of the situations going on?
A
Washington
18
Q
How did Washington get back at what was happening?
A
Asked Gates to postpone their meeting, having the officers thinking they won. Then at the meeting, Washington attacked the Newburgh Address and told the officers how unprofessional they were
19
Q
Did Washingtons speech work?
A
Yes
20
Q
What ended with Washingtons speech
A
weak civil government
21
Q
WHat did Congress vote in response to Washingtons speech?
A
To give cash to all officers promised a pension and passed a tax on imports to pay off national debt
22
Q
What began to disband as civilian leadership was spreading?
A
Continental Army
23
Q
WHo returned to civilian life in Mount Vernon, Virginia?
A
Washington
24
Q
What type of people were unhappy
A
poor people
25
WHy were these people mad?
Some were enlisted in the Revolutionary Army and had complaints about salaries
26
What did the influx of imported goods create?
economic depression, hit the poor the hardest
27
What was the mot famous response to this unhappiness?
Shays rebellion
28
Who led Shays Rebellion?
Daniel Shays
29
Those who participated in the rebellion were called
Regulators
30
Before the rebellion, what were farmers in Massachusetts petitioning?
Relief from economic hardships brought on by increase in taxes
31
Why was this hard for farmers?
The reduction in their income and demand for taxes to be paid in cash was too much to accept
32
Who blamed farmers for what theyre going through?
Massachusetts legislature
33
What did the farmers do about this?
Stopped the courts from issuing foreclosure rulings but going in with muskets and clubs
34
How did the government react to this?
Passed the Riot Act that prohibited 12 or more armed persons from gathering
35
What happened after the act was put up?
Shays made a plan that his and his followers would attack the federal arsenal in Springfield and march to Boston to ¨destroy the devils¨
36
Did Shays succeed?
No, his followers mistaked times and the governments militia overpowered the Rebellion
37
What progressed, making farmers happier?
Economy was increasing
38
What effect did the rebels leave on the government?
Scared the government, hastening a movement towards a stronger national government
39
Who was determined to not let rebellions hurt the government
Washington and Henry Lee
40
Who dominated the interior of the Americas?
Indians
41
Why was Whites moving across the mountains and claiming western lands a bad idea
They were in danger of Indian Attacks
42
How Vermont became the first new state:
Many settled on the eastern side of Lake Champlain wanted independence from New Hampshire and New York. Those who fought for the land also wanted to control it
43
One of the most significant accomplishments of Congress operated under the Articles of Confederation
Creation of the northwest territory out of lands claimed by Pennsylvania, New York, Connecticut, and Massachusetts
44
What did the territorial governments that Congress set up turn into?
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin
45
What was established in 1785
Grid System
46
What did the grid system do?
Created clear and organized boundaries for farms and towns
47
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Banned slavery in northwest territories, mandated religious freedom, and developed public schools
48
Daniel Boone
First explored the trans-Appalachian territory that would be known as Kentucky
49
What did Boone do during the Revolution
Blazed the ¨Wilderness Trail¨ through the Cumberland Gap in the Appalachians and established a settlement called Boonesborough
50
What did land west of Georgia become?
Northern 2/3s of Alabama and Mississippi
51
Did Indians give up land easily?
No
52
What was considered the greatest threat to the United States?
American Indians
53
What disappeared?
The Proclamation line (protected Indian land)
54
What did the Treaty of Paris do that poorly effected Indians?
ceded all lands between the Atlantic Coast, Mississippi, and South of the Great Lakes to the new United States without consulting with the Indians
55
What did the New York legislature consider about the Indians?
Expelling all the tribes of the Six nations because of their alliance with Britain during the war
56
What did British promise?
To withdraw from all forts south of the Great Lakes
57
What was the result in that?
a power vacuum in the region
58
Why did Congress create the US Army
To occupy Fort Niagara in Buffalo! and and Fort Pitt
59
WHat was a downside of creating the amry?
Difficulty raising funds to keep the army paid, fed, and supplied
60
Because Indians didnt formally make alliances with the new nation, what did they start doing?
Attacking armies and settlers, kidnapped, and destructed property
61
Where did Indians have an upper hand?
Northwest Territory and Kentucky
62
Where was peace found with the Indians and the US government?
On the New York border due to the Treaty of Fort Stanwix
63
Did this treaty hold?
No, Northwest Territory held war with Indians
64
Who sought financial support for his people because he helped play a part in Britains side in the Revolution?
Joseph Brant
65
Who did Brant ask?
High ranking British officials as well as King George III
66
What dd Brant create?
an Indian Confederation
67
Who was included in this confederation?
Representatives of the Iroquois Army, and other tribes such as the Cherokees
68
What did the Indians demand from the Indian Confederation?
Demanded that Congress ensured white settlement ended at the Ohio River
69
What lave reminded Jefferson that ¨all men were created equal¨
Benjamin Banneker
70
What words did slaves know should count for them aswell?
Freedom and liberty
71
What news spread to America resulting in more push for slaves freedom?
France abolishing slavery and Haiti winning independence
72
What happened to all the slaves fighting at Yorktown?
Some were brought back to slavery, some were abandoned, and some sailed with the British and went up to Canada to be free
73
By the time Washington was president, where was slavery abolished?
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont
74
What state had the most slaves up North?
New York
75
Where was money mostly made resulting slaves?
Slave trade
76
What prohibited slavery in Ohio
Northwest Ordinance
77
Where was slavery still going strong?
Carolinas, Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee
78
Ratio of African American slaves vs freed
1 in 10 African Americans
79
How did slaves win freedom?
Through the army, through state action, and set free by owners
80
Did it take the North long to get rid of slavery?
Yes
81
Where did free blacks work?
Merchant ships, whaling vessels, navy, docks
82
Throughout the North what did free blacks call themselves?
Africans or the Free African Society
83
What happened with slavery in Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina?
Owners started slowly letting their slaves go
84
What did runaway blacks do?
Got a new identity to maintain freedom
85
What type of economy did free blacks work in?
Diverse
86
WHhat type of diverse things were happening with the economy?
Growing wheat, flour mills,blacksmith shops, ironworks
87
What did blacks do to learn more skills?
¨rented out¨ and moved from job to job
88
What happened with the less fortunate slaves?
Owners would increase wealth by making slaves have more children and selling all the children
89
How was slavery in South Carolina and Georgia?
Owners still produced money with slaves, so they kept slaves working
90
How did number of slaves go up in South Carolina?
100,000 to 200,000
91
How did # of slaves go up in Georgia?
30,000 to 100,000
92
How did slaves survive n the South?
Making communities with other slaves that provided communal support
93
What did Abigail Adams want?
Wanted the American Revolution to recognize more rights for women
94
How did Adams husband, John Adams respond to her?
Ignored her
95
American Indian Women
Paid a higher price for their loyalty to Britain
96
Slave women
Sided with the British more than America
Some fled with British for freedom
97
Loyalist Wives
Stayed home while their husbands joined the British army or fled to Canada
98
White Women loyalists
Faced hostile neighbors, local governments, and many lost their homes
99
How did political independence of the US effect women?
Gave omen personal independence like them postponing marriages, divorcing men, and wanting a higher education
100
Mary Wollstonecraft
Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
101
What did Wollstonecrafts book say?
Wanted women to have equal righst as men
102
Republican Motherhood
Women would advise their husbands and sons to be active citizens and their daughters to be part of another generation of mother who shaped the nation
103
What did Private Academies do
Opened their doors to women
104
What did the Bill of rights add for women?
the right to petition the government for redress of grievances
105
What rigst did women gain after the war
right to own property
106
Double standards of Republican Motherhood?
Upper class women expected to be guardians of sexual mortality and servanst and poor women werent included in opportunities for education
107
13 states government rules
All 13 states needed to agree to levy taxes, and only 9 had to agree to pass a law.
108
What did the AMerican citizens think about the American Confederation?
It wasnt working, too weak
109
Some of Americas financial crisis impacts
Couldnt pay off loans from the Revolution, didnt have a sstrong army to protect west from Indians, gave in when mobs took control of court houses
110
Annapolis Convention
5 states send delegates to deal with economic rivalry between the states
111
Result of Annapolis Convention
Hamilton wrote to Congress asking states to send delegates to ¨make provisions necessary to reder the constitution¨
112
Constitutional Convention of 1787
Convention that met in Philadelphia that drafted the Constitution of the US
113
Who knew about the Constitution
Only the delegates who were inside that helped make it
114
Who was a key in creating the Constitution?
James Madison
115
Virginia Plan
First outline of the new constitution
116
Virgina Plan outline
New Congress with 2 houses, members based on proportional representation reflecting states populations,
117
What were some things included in the Constitution?
Separation of Powers, Federalism, proportional representation
118
What stuck instead of proportional representation
Connecticut Plan- creating a house of Representatives with memebrs elected by districts based on population
119
What was also proposed by Madison
Electoral college
120
Slaves in the Constitution
Not mentioned in document but lots of people like Madison, Jefferson, and Washington didnt like it
121
3/5 clause
Slaves would be counted as three/fifths of a person for esablishing a states representation
122
Federalists
Those who supported the constitution
123
Antifederalists
oppose the constitution
