Chapter 23

Question 1

America First Committee

Answer 1

Committee launched in 1940 that argued
for American neutrality and for staying out of
World War II.

Question 2

destroyers-for-bases

Answer 2

An agreement between the United States
and Great Britain to exchange obsolete navy
destroyers for British base. in exchange for 99-year leases on a string of British Navy bases.

Question 3

FDR broke a rule and did what

Answer 3

Ran for 3rd term against Wendell Willkie, he won

Question 4

arsenal of democracy

Answer 4

A phrase coined by Franklin Roosevelt for the materials needed by Britain in its fight with
Nazi Germany.

Question 5

four freedoms

Answer 5

Freedoms announced by President Roosevelt in December 1940 that became a rallying point for the causes the United States would fight for.

Question 6

What r the 4 freedoms?

Answer 6

first is freedom of speech and expression.…
The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way.…
The third is freedom from want.…
The fourth is freedom from fear.…

Question 7

Lend-Lease Act

Answer 7

Legislation passed in 1941 for a program
through which the United States “loaned”
military equipment to Britain and other
World War II allies for the duration of the war

Question 8

How did Great Depression end?

Answer 8

The military preparation in 1940 and 1941 ended the Great Depression. Spending
$7 billion on Lend-Lease efforts and an additional $13.7 billion on the expansion of the
U.S. military (up from $2.2 billion in 1940) provided a huge stimulus to the economy, far
larger than any stimulus tried during the New Deal. Nearly a million young men were
drafted by early 1941, and new jobs opened everywhere, virtually ending unemployment.

Question 9

Atlantic Charter

Answer 9

Statement of common principles and war
aims developed by President Franklin
Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston
Churchill at a meeting in August 1941. included a somewhat vague commitment
to national self-determination for other countries, nonaggression, and “the establish-ment of a wider and permanent system of general security”—planting the seeds of what
became the United Nations.

Question 10

Japan Timeline in WW2

Answer 10

A new generation of younger Japanese leaders, especially the war minister Hideki
Tojo, wanted to ensure national glory and signed a formal alliance with Nazi Germany
and Fascist Italy. Nazi puppet governments in France and Holland gave Japan badly
needed access to rice, rubber, and most important, oil from Dutch and French colonies in Asia. When Japan landed
troops in French Indochina in July 1940, the United States f nally cut of metal and
aviation gasoline shipments, but not oil, which they saw as the last bargaining chip. As
1941 began, Japan sent a new ambassador to the United States, Kichisaburo Nomura.
Nomura and U.S. Secretary of State Cordell Hull sought a way to reduce hostilities but
failed. In October, Tojo replaced the moderate Fumimaro Konoye as Prime Minister
of Japan. The new government was determined to go to war. Japanese Admiral Takijiro Onishi warned that a direct attack on U.S. soil would
make the Americans “insanely mad.” He said that while Japan would have the advan-tage in a short war, in a longer war, the U.S. industrial capacity and it large supply of
oil—the fuel of modern war—meant that Japan would have a very hard time of it. But
Japan’s leaders were conf dent of a quick victory.
When Japan did attack on December 7, the location was a greater surprise than
the fact of the attack itself. But Japan’s attack on Hawaii solidif ed American public
opinion. Even the staunchest opponents of preparedness, including Charles Lindbergh,
now supported going to war.

Question 11

Within hours of the December 7 attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan also attacked

Answer 11

U.S. bases in the Philippine Islands, the Aleutian Islands of Alaska, as well as Guam and Wake Islands in the mid-Pacific.

Question 12

Selective Service System

Answer 12

Federal agency that coordinated military
conscription (the draft) beginning in World
War II

Question 13

What did men do that wasnt enlisted in military?

Answer 13

Forest work, first aid, college, public service, prison

Question 14

WOmens RAole

Answer 14

Up to women to decide if they wanted to serve, U.S. Army established the Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps, or WAACs, U.S. Navy created the Women Accepted for Voluntary Emergency Service, or WAVES; the Army Air Corps set up the Women’s Auxiliary Service Pilots, or WASPS; the Coast Guard launched the Women’s Reserve of the Coast Guard, nicknamed the SPARS; and the Marines organized an unnamed women’s branch. Some 350,000 women (compared with over 15 million men) served in uniform during World War II. Some 2 million women went to work in previously all-male defense plants where they sometimes made up half of the workforce. Women also constituted a quarter of the workers in the converted auto industry that was producing tanks and trucks. On the West Coast, 500,000 women worked in the aircraft industry and 225,000 in shipbuilding. They made more money than
most women had ever made.

Question 15

Philip Randolph

Answer 15

Randolph proposed a massive march on Washington, initially thinking that
10,000blacks would come to Washington, DC, to demand that the government protect
their economic rights. As word spread, Randolph raised the number to 50,000 and
then to 100,000. He insisted that this event would be an all-black march. The march was called for July 1, 1941.
As it became clear that the march might be a powerful and embarrassing event,
many people within the administration began to panic. Thy challenged Randolph’s
patriotism—How could he do such a thing with war imminent? Friends within the administration tried to persuade
Randolph to postpone the march, but he persisted. The only grounds on which the
march could be called of, he said, would be a government order “with teeth in it” that
would truly protect the economic rights of African-Americans in the new industries.
Randolph won.

Question 16

Fair Employment Practices Committee

Answer 16

Federal agency established in 1941 to curb
racial discrimination in war production jobs
and government employment.

Question 17

zoot suit riots

Answer 17

Race riots in June 1943, primarily centered
in Los Angeles, in which American military
personnel attacked Latinos.

Question 18

WHat happened after pearl harbor?

Answer 18

there were 200,000 Japanese living in Hawaii, almost half of the population of
the islands. Af er the attack on Pearl Harbor, the federal government declared a state
of martial law and suspended basic rights in Hawaii. Several hundred Japanese were
arrested as suspected spies and saboteurs.

Question 19

resident Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 on February 19, 1942, ordering\

Answer 19

the War Department to create “military areas…from which any and all persons may be excluded.” T e order did not specify which areas orwhich persons were to be excluded, but the result was that people of Japanese
ancestry were ordered out of most of the three West Coast states. some 100,000
Issei and Nisei were then moved a second time to 10 relocation camps scattered
through sparsely inhabited regions of the West

Question 20

Japanese internment

Answer 20

A federal government policy implemented
by executive order through which Japanese
Americans were forced to enter internment
camps

Question 21

Korematsu v. United States was about to be decided,

Answer 21

the War Department declared that the original
“military necessity” was now over and that those of Japanese ancestry were free to
return to their homes.

Question 22

WHat happened when Japanese AMericans went back to their homes?

Answer 22

their homes and businesses were long gone and that they had been excluded from
the prosperity of wartime America. While the losses of those interned were estimated
at $400 million, Congress provided $37 million in reparations in 1948.

Question 23

Roosevelt went to Casablanca in North Africa to meet with Churchill. They agreed
on several things

Answer 23

that they would continue to bomb Germany; that after North Africa, they would invade Italy, not the coast of France; and that while the United States would continue to supply Britain and Russia, a third of new forces and supplies
would go to the Pacific

Question 24

Teheran Conference

Answer 24

first meeting with Stalin, which Churchill and the nominal Chinese leader Chiang Kai-shek also attended. At Cairo, FDR also tried to persuade Churchill that Britain must renounce its colonies in India, Burma, Malaya, and Hong Kong and promise them independence after the war as the United States was doing with the Philippine Islands. included discussions of the war in China. In addition, Stalin
kept up the pressure for the United States and Britain to invade France as quickly as pos-sible and promised to join the war against Japan once the war in Europe was won

Question 25

Operation Overlord

Answer 25

U.S. and British invasion of France in June
1944 during World War II.

Question 26

D-Day

Answer 26

June 6, 1944, the day of the first paratroop
drops and amphibious landings on the coast
of Normandy, France, in the first stage of
Operation Overlord during World War II. British and U.S. troops got stuck on hedgerows, long lines of tightly planted
bushes 5 to 10 feet wide that farmers in Normandy had used instead of fences and that
now provided far better protection for German troops than planners had estimated.
Slowly the troops broke past the initial defenses. D-Day marked the turn of the tide for the control maintained by Nazi Germany; less than a year after the invasion, the Allies formally accepted Nazi Germany’s surrender.brought together the land, air, and sea forces of the allied armies in what became known as the largest invasion force in human history

Question 27

WHo took over when FDR died?

Answer 27

Harry Truman

Question 28

The war in the Pacif c

Answer 28

American troops came up against Japanese sol-diers who would f ght to the very last. The Japanese lived by a code that prohibited surrender. In air battles during June, U.S. forces, f ying new and much better planes, vir-tually decimated the Japanese Air Force. U.S. submarines cut of the shipment of oil
from Indonesia to Japan. U.S. commanders did not stage a landing on an island until
navy ships had bombarded an island for some time while planes dropped bomb af er
bomb. Once an island was secure, the Seabees (the navy term for uniformed construc-tion workers) moved in and with amazing speed built airf elds, shelters, and bases.
In June 1944, the United States began a campaign to retake the Philippine Islands.

Question 29

Manhattan Project

Answer 29

The effort, using the code name Manhattan
Engineer District, to develop an atomic bomb
during World War II. Enrico Fermi won
the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1938 and used the prize money to leave fascist Italy
for New York. In March 1939, Fermi warned that recent research, including his own,
in atomic physics pointed to the potential development of a new form of weapon. The Manhattan Project began under a stadium at the University of Chicago, where
the first chain reaction was achieved in December 1942.

Question 30

What bombs were dropped on Japan?

Answer 30

Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Made WW2 end