Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

APUSH > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

When Lincoln died, what was his party divided on?

A

If blacks could vote and how to handle the readmission of the confederate states int the Union

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why did many Republicans start the Civil War?

A

To win over the Union and end slavery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What were they not committed on?

A

Giving blacks the right to vote or award them land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What did Radical Republicans believe?

A

abolishing slavery and
advocated full rights for former slaves
intheSouth. (hold office, give land to)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What were other people arguing about?

A

how to admit confederate states, Lincoln and others thought it should be easy since they never really left, but Radical Republicans thought the government had to be reconstructed and make it harder for Southern states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Freedmans Bureau

A

Created by Lincoln, an agency established by Congress in March 1865 to provide social, educational, and economic services as well as advice and protection to former slaves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How did Lincoln use Louisiana as an example for bringing southern states back to the Union?

A

Saw that his new government worked there, accepting slaves as free, but not so they could vote. Lincoln saw this as a work in progress but other radical Congress members didnt want to admit Louisiana until blacks could vote there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Presidential Reconstruction (1)

A

Name given to the immediate post–Civil
War era, 1865–1866, when President Andrew
Johnson took the lead to return full rights to
the former Confederate states.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Congressional Reconstruction (2)

A

Name given to the period 1867–1870
when the Republican-dominated Congress
controlled Reconstruction era policy.
Sometimes it is also known as Radical
Reconstruction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Redemption (3)

A

the election of Rutherford B. Hayes in November 1876, the federal government
ended its involvement in Southern affairs, and
southern whites took control of state governments and ended black political right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How did Andrew Johnson come up to be president?

A

Grew up in poverty, but became a state legislature, the US governor of Tennessee, and always stayed loyal to the Union, and became Lincolns vice president because it helped him get more votes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How did the Radical Republicans feel about Johnson?

A

Like his because they thought he could help them completely change south policies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what was 1 of Johnsons policies for Reconstruction?

A

All South states had to accept the 13th Amendment, but didnt want to do anything else for former slaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Did people like this?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What was another one of Johnsons policies?

A

declared a pardon for most of those who had taken part in the rebellion as long as they were willing to pledge loyalty to the Union and support the end of slavery, included restoration of all land taken by the Union
army.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How did people feel about all of Johnsons grants?

A

Felt that this was more than other presidents would give and learned to be greatful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How were Blacks included into Johnsons plans?

A

they werent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How were confederate states put back under Johnsons policies?

A

Readmitted as soon as the ratified the 13th Amendment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How were southern states taking blacks being free?

A

They made governments full of white people and limited black laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Black Codes

A

Laws passed by states and municipalities
denying many rights of citizenship to free
blacks and to control black labor, mobility,
and employment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What did black codes make it also illegal for?

A

own guns, police now terrorized blacks due to no weapons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Lincolns elected Congress

A

Werent assembled till 8 months after his death, majority republican, thought Johnson was siding with former slaveholders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Who led the Radical Republicans?

A

Charles Sumner, sad by how different Johnsons was by letting all states set up their own governments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What type of people did Johnson elect for him?

A

Confederate people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Lyman Trumbull
Proposed 2 new pieces of legislation, felt the government had the duty to protect free African-Americans
26
Trumbulls first bill
Extended Lincolns one year Freedmans Bureau, distributing food to former slaves, supporting the establishment of schools, and in some cases, even helping former slaves gain their own land, He also proposed giving it new authority to ensure that blacks had all “civil rights belonging to white persons” and giving bureau agents the authority to press charges against state offcials who denied those rights.
27
Trumbulls 2nd bill
far-reaching Civil Rights Bill of 1866 that defined all persons born in the United States (except Indians) as citizens, permanently ending the Dred Scott distinctions between whites and blacks. It explicitly guaranteed rights to make contracts, bring lawsuits, and have the equal benefit of the laws without regard to race.
28
What happened to Trumbulls bills?
Many people liked them and thought they would pass, but Johnson vetoed both
29
What type of bills did Johnson veto?
Republican, anti slavery bills
30
What amendment was proposed to the constitution after Johnsons veto rampage?
Civil Rights law from Trumbull
31
What was the arguement with this amendment?
Many people still didnt want blacks or women voting
32
What did the new 14th amendment say?
guaranteeing rights of citizenship to former slaves and others born or naturalized in the United States was nevertheless significant.
33
What other law in January 1867 was passed?
gave black males in the District of Columbia the right to vote.
34
Reconstruction Act of 1867
all Southern state governments— already recognized by Johnson—to be inoperative and divided into five military districts, ordering the military to oversee the writing of new constitutions that would guarantee universal male suffage
35
How did Johnson feel about the reconstruction act?
He hated it
36
How did blacks use the new act?
registering to vote, participating in constitution writing, struck for higher pay in Charleston, Savannah, Mobile, Richmond, and New Orleans.
37
Union Leagues
In the South, a Republican Party organization led by African-Americans, which became an important organizing device after 1865.
38
How did congress deal with he idea of Johnsons impeachment at first?
Congress passed a number of laws that most hoped would keep Reconstruction moving in spite of the president. One law required all presidential orders to the military to pass through the army chief, General Grant, before going to commanders in the field.
39
Tenure of Office Act
any person whose appointment required the Senate’s consent, could be replaced only when the Senate approved a success
40
How did Johnsons deal with these acts?
He was always stubborn and never wanted compromise, and started to encourage opposition f Reconstruction
41
How did officials try to get Johnson impeached?
agreed on a long list of charges, most having to do with Johnson’s violation of the Tenure of Office Act but also a charge saying that the president had tried to bring Congress “into disgrace.
42
What was the outcome?
Johnson won by one vote
43
Who was the republicans vote for the next election?
Ulysses S. Grant with Schuyler Colfax
44
How did Democrats feel about the election?
They were conflicted about issues of personality, on their opposition to Congressional Reconstruction, and on fiscal policies
45
Who did Democrats nominate?
New York Governor Horatio Seymour, who had flirted with supporting the Confederacy during the war and for VP Francis Blair
46
What line was drawn down the parties?
Race
47
Who won the election?
Grant
48
The 15th Amendment came quickly after his election, what did it say?
The right to vote couldnt be denied by anyone, no matter what race, color, or previous condition of servitude
49
What did people want aswell from the 15th amendment?
The right to hold office
50
First African American elected in the Senate
Hiram R. Revels in 1870
50
Who was dissapointed?
Women as well as Douglass because women still couldnt vote
51
Revels upbringing
born free in Fayetteville, North Carolina, in 1827, he was a minister in the African Methodist Episcopal Church, serving as a pastor in Baltimore when the Civil War began. Revels organized two all-black regiments and served as their chaplain.
52
Who tried to challenge blacks in the Senate?
Garrett Davis
53
Who defended Revels
James Nye
54
What other African American was put into Senate?
Blanche K. Bruce
55
With blacks and whites in the government, what changed?
expanded the right to vote, abolishing restrictions that had existed for black and poor white voters, newly formulated state constitutions created public school systems and internal improvements designed to bring the South into the modern world
56
What did the Union Army find out when going to the South?
All the former slaves wanted to learn more and said it was their proof of independence
57
Why was Douglass such a good advocator for abolishing slavery?
He taught himself to read and write and learn new things in secret
58
What groups helped create black colleges
Freedmans Bureau and Northern Missionary groups
59
majority of freedman teachers were
african american
60
What was another former slave issue?
land
61
Sherman’s army arrived in Savannah, Georgia, the army of 60,000 troops was accompanied by some 20,000 former slaves, made it clear what they wanted:
freedom and land,
62
What did Sherman do for these people?
provided for 40-acre parcels of land for black families, which was to be taken from the plantations of owners in active rebellion on the Sea Islands and coastal areas in Georgia,Sherman also offered army mules that were no longer needed
63
What was this land now called?
Sherman land
64
Who stopped the land and mule policy and gave land back to the former plantation owners?
Johnson
65
Before the policy was taken away, who expanded it
head of the Freedman’s Bureau, General O. O. Howard
66
Where were former slaves maybe able to get land?
South Carolina established a state land commission that provided grants of land to some 14,000 black families, had a good reconstruction government
67
What law did southern plantation owners make?
made it a crime to be without a job, which meant former slaves had to take whatever was offered or be jailed.
68
How did slaves feel?
They didnt like working for the low wages and working at the same place that they were enslaved
69
Sharecropping
former slaves worked as independent entrepreneurs who were guaranteed a share of the crop in return for their labor. At the same time, landowners, who provided the land, the seeds, and the loans to get through the year, also received a share of the crop.
70
Sharecropping:owner of a large tract of land
agreed to provide crude housing, a short-term loan for living expenses, seed, fertilizer, tools, and the right to grow cotton on a specified piece of land 15 to 40 acres in area.
71
Landless tenants (former slaves) sharecropping
agreed to work the land, plant, weed or “chop” the cotton through the growing season, and bring in a crop
72
Where did sharecropping begin?
on the sugar plantations of Louisiana and quickly spread to the rest of the agricultural South
73
Why did blacks like sharecropping?
they retained a portion of the profits they created.
74
Why did landowners not like sharecropping at first?
they did not like the sense of independence that sharecropping brought to former slaves, disliked the shift from having farm work done by gangs of laborers, as had been the case in slavery and wage-earning times, to having the work done by family units on smaller plots.
75
How did they manipulate it?
Owners developed a credit system whereby a plantation-store sold every-thing from food to clothing on credit to the sharecroppers to be repaid when the crop was harvested. Many plantation owners made as much money with their stores as with their crops. With crops mortgaged before they were even planted, workers fell further and further into debt to the landowners.
76
Who was majority in the Republican party?
Blacks, large numbers of white Republicans in the South, including both Southern born and immigrants from the North
77
scalawags
A disparaging term for southern whites who supported the Southern Republican Party during Reconstruction.
78
Carpetbaggers
Term used by white Southerners for Northern transplants who came to the South to help with Reconstruction
79
post–Civil War Democratic Party goals
even if blacks were now free, they would have few rights and that whites committed to excluding blacks from power would dominate every aspect of society, politically, economically, and culturally
80
Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar
helped develop the Ku Klux Klan
81
WHo was apart of the KKK
Confederate veterans in Tennessee, but spread fast
82
Main goal of KKK
ending reconstruction by killing blacks
83
Violence in Mississippi
Republican Party held a meeting in Vicksburg, Mississippi, armed whites arrived and shot and killed many of those, white and black, in attendance.
84
More Mississippi Violence
On September 1, 1875, at a Republican meeting in Yazoo City, Henry Dixon began shooting at the mixed-race gathering. One person was killed instantly. Before long, those who were at the meeting scattered and a company of organized Mississippi White Liners, the Mississippi version of the Klan—took over the town and forced its elected government to flee
85
Why did Democrats win statewide in Mississippi?
black voters arriving at the polls were met by some 80 whites armed with Remington rifles, who started firing at them. At Peytona, not a single Republican vote was cast.
86
How dd Reconstruction end in Mississippi?
All of the violence towards blacks
87
Enforcement Act
the denial of the right to vote because of race through force, fraud, bribery, or intimidation a federal crime.
88
Ku Klux Klan Act of April 1871
made conspiracies to deprive citizens of the right to vote a punishable federal offense.
89
What side was the federal government on?
republican because supported blacks
90
What did Grant do to KKK?
the president proclaimed nine counties of South Carolina to be in a “condition of lawlessness” and sent federal troops to restore order and arrest several hundred Klan leaders, some of whom ended up serving terms in federal prison. Several were arrested
91
Who did the democrats nominate for the 1872 election and what did they do?
Horace Greeley, adopted a platform attacking Republican corruption and calling for civil service reform while also promising a general amnesty for former Confederates
92
Who did Republicans nominate and won?
Grants
93
Who did Grant send down to Louisiana and what did he see?
War General Phillip Sheridan, saw many killings of blacks, over 2,000, none punished
94
Former slave Henry Adams
organized a committee of 500 blacks to “look into affairs and see the true condition of our race.” In northern Louisiana around the Red River area alone, the committee documented 683 murders
95
What factors led to the growing national weariness with federal intervention in the South
Southern Reconstruction governments were regularly accused of corruption, like political people making lots of money
96
What corruptions did the Grant administration face?
During Grant’s first year in office, Jay Gould and James Fisk, the nation’s leading bankers, tried to corner the nation’s gold supply and thus control the economy, and cabinet officers resigned and were replaced after they were charged with taking bribes or other forms of corruption
97
Whiskey Ring Scandal
a congressional investigation uncovered the workings of the so-called Whiskey Ring, a group including elected officials, government employees, and whiskey makers who defrauded the U.S. Treasury of excise taxes on whiskey. Over 200 distillers and revenue agents were indicted, and Grant’s personal secretary, Orville E. Babcock, resigned
98
How was the U.S. Supreme Court was not sympathetic to Reconstruction?
In the Slaughterhouse Cases of 1873, the court severely restricted the reach of the Fourteenth Amendment. A group of butchers in New Orleans had challenged the right of the Louisiana legislature to grant a monopoly to one meatpacking company because, they said, it violated their Fourteenth Amendment rights to due process of law and citizenship rights. But the court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment did not include such rights, making it much harder to bring other suits about state infringement of citizen’s rights
99
United States v. Cruikshank
William J. “Bill” Cruikshank was a white participant in the attack on Colfax, Louisiana, in 1873. He was indicted on federal charges for violating the civil rights of blacks who were killed in the attack. But 3 years later, the Supreme Court ruled that the charges were unconstitutional. Chief Justice Morrison R. Waite wrote that protecting the rights of individual citizens was a state, not a federal duty
100
What did Cruikshank ruin?
took away one of the federal government’s most important enforcement powers, the right to bring federal charges against those who attacked the basic rights of African-Americans
101
Why did the court rule that the Civil Rights Act of 1875 was unconstitutional?
the Fourteenth Amendment gave Congress only the right to outlaw state government actions, not discrimination by individuals, which the court left to the states to deal with
102
What happened during the 1876 elections?
People were getting sick of the Reconstruction
103
Who did Democrats nominate?
Samuel Tilden
104
ho did Republicans nominate?
Rutherford B. Hayes
105
Why was the election crazy?
The vioence in the South, and Tilden wining the popular vote but not the electoral votes

APUSH (51 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions