Chapter 13 Flashcards
How did southerners view abolishionists?
extremesits
Many northerners were commited to free labor which was
slavery undermined the value and dignity of hard work and that many white people
were also marginalized in places were slave labor was predominant.
What did this lead the Republican party to cheer for?
“Free Soil, Free
Speech, Free Labor, and Free Men.”
Why did Southerners trust new president Taylor?
Own slaves and a plantation
Why did Taylor proposed to admit New Mexico and California as states?
He liked Union
WHat did the South think about this?
They threatened succession if both states were added as free states
What was one of Clays compromises to this proble?
admit California as a state but organize New Mexico under a territorial government
with no “restriction or condition on the subject of slavery.” As a territory, New Mexico
would have no votes in the Senate, a key concern of slaveholders in Congress since
they were certain—probably rightly—that New Mexico would opt to enter the union
as a free state.
Clays Second Compromise
giving more land to New Mexico and
giving Texas $10 million to pay of the debts of the former Republic of Texas
Clays Third Compromise
abolished the slave trade but not slavery itself in the District of Columbia.
Clays Fourth Compromise
a law enhancing slaveholders’ right to reclaim slaves who fled north
How did members in Congress react to the Compromises?
They disliked it, thought it didnt go far enough
How did Webster feel about the Compromises?
He advocated for them, but then lost support in Massachusetts and other abolitionist states
After Taylor died and FIllmore became president, what did he think of the compromise?
He liked it and had him and his new senators forge a final compromise close to Clays
The Final Compromise:
California was admitted as a free
state; New Mexico and Utah were organized as territories with no votes in Congress; the slave trade but not slavery was prohibited in the District of Columbia; and Texas happily accepted the $10 million in exchange for a less expansive border with New Mexico.
The biggest separator in the Compromise
Fugitive Slave Act
South and North issues with the compromise
South: condemned the compromise
and affirmed the right of secession
North: the vigorous enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act would soon become intolerable,
What did the Supreme Court say about the Fugitive Slave Act
It was ok for slaveholders to capture their runaway slaves
WhaFedrt was the new system for catching runaway slaves?
Federal agents would capture runaway slaves, then federal commissioners would determine if the slave was actually a slave (Commissioners were paid a double fee
every time they found that a person was a fugitive slave)
How did free blacks feel about this?
Worried because it would be hard to prove they were free
With all of the division due to slaves, what did most southerners think?
Thought the North and South shouldnt be in the same country
What did Harriet Beecher Stowe write to help with slavery?
Uncle Toms Cabin
Stowes life
Stowe had spent many
years in Cincinnati, Ohio, and had herself seen slavery directly across the Ohio River
in Kentucky. Cincinnati—a city that faced the Ohio River and from which one could
see the slave state of Kentucky on the far shore
What was this book considered
best selling book of the century
What was the book about?
A kind slave who had an evil owner, slave crossed the Ohio River to escape slavery
Who did the book anger?
The South and its publication companies, De Bow’s Southern and Western Review
Who did the Whigs nominates in the 1852 elections?
Winfield Scott
WHo did the Democrats nominate?
Franklin Pierce
Who won and what did he strongly enforce?
Pierce, enforced the Fugitive Slave Law
Who wanted support to get the transcontinental railroad from Chicago
to the Pacific Coast.
Senator Stephen A Douglas
WHat did the railroad stir up?
more tensions on slavery
Douglas and Congressman William A. Richardson, a fellow Illinois Democrat, introduced bills into Congress in 1853 that would
organize the remaining land in the Louisiana Purchase the Nebraska Territory to facilitate awarding a right-of-way for the railroad
How did Southern senators feel about this bill?
feared an effort to create another free state out of Nebraska and blocked the bill
To make people happy, what did Douglas propose to do?
Split the territory into two states, Nebraska and Kansas and had them go through popular sovereignty
What did Douglases compromise go against?
Missouri Compromise of 1820, which banned slavery north of Missouri no matter what local residents said.
WHy were people upset with this?
People, even Pierce agreed that the Missouri Compromise held together the country, but repealing the compromise risked lots
Even with Northerners outrages to this, what was passed?
Kansas-Nebraska Act
A aw passed in 1854 creating the Kansas and
Nebraska Territories but leaving the question
of slavery open to local residents
What big party was created?
Republican Party
Republican Party
A new political party created in 1854 that
was dedicated to stopping the spread of
slavery in any place in the nation where it did
not exist.
WHat Congressman was opposed to the Kansas Nebraska Act and wanted a seat on Senate that would allow him to oppose the act on the national stage.
Abraham Lincoln
Who lost lots of control of the north state legislatures?
democrat party
What change din the House of Representatives?
the members of which
are elected for 2-year terms directly by the voters, not by state legislatures.
How many members of Congress were committed to stopping slavery?
150
What did voters care mostly about their canidites now?
If they were for or against slavery
Republican Party represented
only one section of the nation and one political perspective
Who was the new House Speaker?
Nathaniel P. Banks of Massachusetts, a former Know Nothing who had recently
switched his political allegiance to the Republican Party
hundreds of proslavery “border ruffians” from Missouri and abolitionists from the North began pouring into Kansas because
they wanted the vote for slavery to become a free state
settlers who supported admitting Kansas
as a free state called a convention in December 1855 in which they declared
territorial legislature elected in March to be illegitimately elected
