Chapter 13 Flashcards
How did southerners view abolishionists?
extremesits
Many northerners were commited to free labor which was
slavery undermined the value and dignity of hard work and that many white people
were also marginalized in places were slave labor was predominant.
What did this lead the Republican party to cheer for?
“Free Soil, Free
Speech, Free Labor, and Free Men.”
Why did Southerners trust new president Taylor?
Own slaves and a plantation
Why did Taylor proposed to admit New Mexico and California as states?
He liked Union
WHat did the South think about this?
They threatened succession if both states were added as free states
What was one of Clays compromises to this proble?
admit California as a state but organize New Mexico under a territorial government
with no “restriction or condition on the subject of slavery.” As a territory, New Mexico
would have no votes in the Senate, a key concern of slaveholders in Congress since
they were certain—probably rightly—that New Mexico would opt to enter the union
as a free state.
Clays Second Compromise
giving more land to New Mexico and
giving Texas $10 million to pay of the debts of the former Republic of Texas
Clays Third Compromise
abolished the slave trade but not slavery itself in the District of Columbia.
Clays Fourth Compromise
a law enhancing slaveholders’ right to reclaim slaves who fled north
How did members in Congress react to the Compromises?
They disliked it, thought it didnt go far enough
How did Webster feel about the Compromises?
He advocated for them, but then lost support in Massachusetts and other abolitionist states
After Taylor died and FIllmore became president, what did he think of the compromise?
He liked it and had him and his new senators forge a final compromise close to Clays
The Final Compromise:
California was admitted as a free
state; New Mexico and Utah were organized as territories with no votes in Congress; the slave trade but not slavery was prohibited in the District of Columbia; and Texas happily accepted the $10 million in exchange for a less expansive border with New Mexico.
The biggest separator in the Compromise
Fugitive Slave Act
South and North issues with the compromise
South: condemned the compromise
and affirmed the right of secession
North: the vigorous enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act would soon become intolerable,
What did the Supreme Court say about the Fugitive Slave Act
It was ok for slaveholders to capture their runaway slaves
WhaFedrt was the new system for catching runaway slaves?
Federal agents would capture runaway slaves, then federal commissioners would determine if the slave was actually a slave (Commissioners were paid a double fee
every time they found that a person was a fugitive slave)
How did free blacks feel about this?
Worried because it would be hard to prove they were free
With all of the division due to slaves, what did most southerners think?
Thought the North and South shouldnt be in the same country
What did Harriet Beecher Stowe write to help with slavery?
Uncle Toms Cabin
Stowes life
Stowe had spent many
years in Cincinnati, Ohio, and had herself seen slavery directly across the Ohio River
in Kentucky. Cincinnati—a city that faced the Ohio River and from which one could
see the slave state of Kentucky on the far shore
What was this book considered
best selling book of the century
What was the book about?
A kind slave who had an evil owner, slave crossed the Ohio River to escape slavery
Who did the book anger?
The South and its publication companies, De Bow’s Southern and Western Review
Who did the Whigs nominates in the 1852 elections?
Winfield Scott
WHo did the Democrats nominate?
Franklin Pierce
Who won and what did he strongly enforce?
Pierce, enforced the Fugitive Slave Law
Who wanted support to get the transcontinental railroad from Chicago
to the Pacific Coast.
Senator Stephen A Douglas
WHat did the railroad stir up?
more tensions on slavery
Douglas and Congressman William A. Richardson, a fellow Illinois Democrat, introduced bills into Congress in 1853 that would
organize the remaining land in the Louisiana Purchase the Nebraska Territory to facilitate awarding a right-of-way for the railroad
How did Southern senators feel about this bill?
feared an effort to create another free state out of Nebraska and blocked the bill
To make people happy, what did Douglas propose to do?
Split the territory into two states, Nebraska and Kansas and had them go through popular sovereignty
What did Douglases compromise go against?
Missouri Compromise of 1820, which banned slavery north of Missouri no matter what local residents said.
WHy were people upset with this?
People, even Pierce agreed that the Missouri Compromise held together the country, but repealing the compromise risked lots
Even with Northerners outrages to this, what was passed?
Kansas-Nebraska Act
A aw passed in 1854 creating the Kansas and
Nebraska Territories but leaving the question
of slavery open to local residents
What big party was created?
Republican Party
Republican Party
A new political party created in 1854 that
was dedicated to stopping the spread of
slavery in any place in the nation where it did
not exist.
WHat Congressman was opposed to the Kansas Nebraska Act and wanted a seat on Senate that would allow him to oppose the act on the national stage.
Abraham Lincoln
Who lost lots of control of the north state legislatures?
democrat party
What change din the House of Representatives?
the members of which
are elected for 2-year terms directly by the voters, not by state legislatures.
How many members of Congress were committed to stopping slavery?
150
What did voters care mostly about their canidites now?
If they were for or against slavery
Republican Party represented
only one section of the nation and one political perspective
Who was the new House Speaker?
Nathaniel P. Banks of Massachusetts, a former Know Nothing who had recently
switched his political allegiance to the Republican Party
hundreds of proslavery “border ruffians” from Missouri and abolitionists from the North began pouring into Kansas because
they wanted the vote for slavery to become a free state
settlers who supported admitting Kansas
as a free state called a convention in December 1855 in which they declared
territorial legislature elected in March to be illegitimately elected
WHat did these settlers do in response?
held their own election, established their own legislature to meet at Topeka,
adopted a state constitution (the Topeka Constitution), and elected their own
governor.
What did this mean for Kansas?
Kansas had two legislatures and two governors
as well as sent two different territorial representatives to Congress
What did USA troops do about Topeka?
dispersed the Topeka
legislature since it lacked any legal mandate to meet, and the “of cial” legislature
called a convention to write a state constitution
Lecompton Constitution
Proslavery draft written in 1857 by
Kansas territorial delegates elected under
questionable circumstances; it what was
decisively defeated by Congress.
What did this mean for Kansas?
even if voters made
Kansas a free state, the Lecompton document said that slaves
already in the territory were bound to remain slaves
Congress called on a new vote for the Lecompton Constitution and said if it passed Kansas would get
immediate statehood
did it pass?
no
WHat was the name of the territory?
Bleeding Kansas
How did Kansas get violent?
Missouri “border ruffians” and Missouri
militia intimidated and killed free-state voters.
Dred Scott v. Sandford
A Supreme Court case brought by Dred Scott,
a slave demanding his freedom based on his
residence in a free state and a free territory
with his master
How did the court decision begin?
began in state courts in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1846 when abolitionists urged Dred
Scott, a slave, to sue for his freedom because his owner, an army surgeon, had taken
him to Illinois and then on to Fort Snelling in what is now Minnesota. After living for years in free territory, his lawyers claimed, Scott had won his freedom.
Even though Scott lost his trial the first time, where did he win?
In St. Louis
Who overturned Scotts win and put him back into slavery?
Missouri Supreme Court
Where did Scotts lawyers bring him next?
The US Supreme Court
Did he win in the US Supreme Court?
No
Justice Roger Taney and the courts reason for saying no:
Taney said that
Scott had no rights that the United States needed to honor and Scott had no standing to bring the case, and even if he did have standing, he did not have a case.
What laws was Taney going against stating this?
Article IV, Section 2, of the Constitution
Why wasnt Scott on a standing?
Fort Snelling wasnt free territory because the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional
What did the Court establish after Scotts denial?
Congress could not prohibit slavery in any federal territory under any circumstance
What did this decision do to America?
lock millions of their fellow African-Americans either in slavery or in second-class status
even if they were free.
What economic things divided the country?
the Erie Canal in
Why did the canal create division?
The Midwest was more connected to the North with the canal, so it gave them little reason to think about the South
With railroads being built. what was it following?
New trade routes
What intrests did the Republican Party reflect?
Intrerests of New England to the Ohio River
Republican beliefs
stopping slavery, increase tariff to support America industries,a homestead bill to encourage settlement of the new territories by
people who wanted to build small family farms, land grant colleges that would serve agriculture and industry, and a transcontinental railroad that would link California to the East Coast
WHy didnt the South like the Republican policies?
Didnt wan to stop slavery due to cotton, saw little use of railroads and large tariffs
Who did the Panic of 1857 mostly hit?
Northerners because of overproduction of supplies and demand for
steel fell, people lost their jobs, banks failed, and panic ensued
Why didnt southerners get hit?
cotton production was fine
In 1858, who was Lincoln running against for US Senate?
Stephen A Douglas
What did Lincoln think about the USA?
It had to set permanent slavery rules or else USA would fall apart
What did Douglas argue about Lincoln during their debates?
allies of the most radical abolitionists, Douglas believed slave vs. free states was ok
Lincolns response to Douglas
declared that he was no abolitionist, said that he would not himself know how to
quickly abolish slavery and, would honor
all of the South’s “constitutional rights,” to protect slavery.
Lincolns response to Douglas
declared that he was no abolitionist, he also said that he would not himself know how to
quickly abolish slavery where it already existed and, indeed, would honor
all of the South’s “constitutional rights,” to protect slavery. He would even
support the Fugitive Slave Act if it “should not, in its stringency, be more
likely to carry a free man into slavery.”
Who won the Senate chair?
Douglas
Mason-Dixon Line
line surveyed by Charles Mason and
Jeremiah Dixon between 1763 and 1767 that
settled the border between the then colonies
of Pennsylvania and Maryland created an issue with slavery
What was John Browns dream and what did Douglass think about it?
Brown dreamed to start a slave uprising across the south, Douglass thought this was crazy
Browns Harper Ferry attack?
Brown and his army of 16 white and five black men began their attack on
the evening of October 16, 1859. As they entered Harper’s Ferry, they cut telegraph lines
and took hostages, but they were also quickly attacked
who stopped this attack?
federal troops under the command of Robert E. Lee arrived in Harper’s Ferry, all slaves were sentenced to be hung
How did Brown use his arrest?
Used calm words while talking about the raid, conducted interviews and wrote letters, made the North resonate with him?
How did the South feel about the norths feelings towards Bron?
They heard the feelings through telegraph and newspapers, sent a “chill through their spine”
By the 1856 elections, which three parties were there?
Democrat, Republican, and American Party
Who did the Democrats nominate for president?
James Buchanan
Who did the Republicans nominate for president?
John C. Fredmont
Who did the Americans nominate for president?
Millard Filmore
If Buchanan enter the White House, it was
to avoid the issue of slavery
The Know Nothings disapeared because
they opposed immigration when lots of voters in America were immigrants
How did Lincoln feel about possibly being a canadite for presidency?
mixed feelings about a presidential
nomination since he had hopes of a career in the U.S. Senate.
WHo was the front runner of the republican party for president?
William Henry Seward, founder of Republican party
Out of a few people, who won becoming a presidential nominee?
Lincoln
In the 1860s, what did some of the old Whig Party reemerge as?
Constitutional Union Party
Goal of the Constitutional Union?
To hold the country together using comproises
What happened when the Democrats tried to pick out a nominee?
The party was always divided, so Douglas was a front runner but his opposition to admitting Kansas as a slave state put people off. Douglas supporters wouldnt let him not get nominated though
What happened when the Democrat party tried again?
One-third of the delegates—nearly all of the Southerners and a few proslavery
Northerners—walked out of the convention.
What did the rest of the convention do?
nominated Douglas as a nominee and adopted a popular soverignty platform
What did the people who walked out of the convention do?
organized their own convention and nominated John C. Breckinridge of Kentucky, adopting theplatform advocated by Jefferson Davis.
Where did the Republican ticket not even apear in the election?
the south
What region had the most influence?
North
Douglas had a chance to win the election if he
and the Northern Democrats could
carry enough Northern states and some of the slave states known as “border states”
What did the Republican party have going for them?
Young, attracted first time voters, united, and econoic policies appealed to may up north
Who won the election and how much of the popular vote did he receive?
Lincoln won with 40% of the popular vote
Why were Southerners mad about Lincolns election?
Believed the North was just using it to get out of the Fugitive Slave Law and wanted to exlude slavery from all territories
What happened the night after Lincolns election?
a huge crowd of demonstrators in Charleston
demanded action, and the South Carolina legislature called a special convention
to consider secession, the convention voted 169–0 in favor of dissolving “the union now subsisting between South Carolina and other states.”
Ho were other states that followed South Carolina?
Mississippi, Florida,
Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana all voted to leave the Union, followed by Texas in 1861
Most people wanted to wait it out and see what Lincoln did, but who were the voters that succeeded the states?
White men
Crittenden Compromise
A last-ditch effort at a compromise to amend
the Constitution to protect slavery in states
where it existed.
What did this compromise do?
extending the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacif c and thus protect slavery in
the New Mexico Territory and California,
Who didnt agree with the compromise/
Lincoln
WHat states did Lincoln not want to lose?
slave states that had not yet voted to secede, the so-called border states
that were closer to the North, less militant in their defense of slavery, and perhaps
most likely to stay with the Un
But leaders in all of the southern states that havent left the Union warned that
any violence by the federal government against those states that had voted to leave the
Union would force them to depart also.
How did the North feel about it?
Some were happy, some were angered
What was said in Lincolns inaguration speech?
He said that he considered secession illegal and that he would assert federal authority, especially over forts and other federal installations in the South, insisted that he had no interest in interfering with slavery in the states where it existed, And he promised to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act while also asserting that he wanted stronger protection against free people being kidnapped
Confederate leaders and southerners said that Lincolns speech was unable to give
the right of secession and his claim on the federal property in the South seemed to
them to be a prelude to war.
