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APUSH > Chapter 11+12 notes > Flashcards

Chapter 11+12 notes Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Romantic movement

A

In the western world, believed that changes and growth were essential for life

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2
Q

What were important aspects of the romantic movement

A

Individualism, optimism, creativity, love of country

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3
Q

Transcendental movement

A

emphasized the unknowable and undefineable

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4
Q

Ralph Emerson

A

Leading Transcendentalist who left ministery to become an essayist and lecturer

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5
Q

What did he want people to d?

A

Look for inspiration in America

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6
Q

What couldn´t Emerson support because he was so individualistic

A

reform movements

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7
Q

Henry David Thoreau

A

Transcendentalist who was a teacher and believed government shouldnt govern people at all

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8
Q

What did Thoreau want to prove?

A

That people didnt have to depend on society for a satisfying existence

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9
Q

Where did Thoreau live by himself?

A

Walden Pond, criticized Americans not wanting to ¨leave the heard¨

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10
Q

What does Thoreau not do during the Mexican-American war and why?

A

Doesnt pay his Poll tax because it goes towards support for the war which he didn´t support

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11
Q

What did Whigs want?

A

National Bank, Protective Tariff, Federally funded internal improvements

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12
Q

Who was very against Tyler changing all of Harrisons actions as President?

A

Henry Clay

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13
Q

After Tyler vetoing Congresses bills, what did they do?

A

All except Daniel Webster resigned their post and quit

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14
Q

What did Clay want to do in the states?

A

Distribute money from sales

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15
Q

Distribution Act

A

provided for a system of distributing federal surpluses to state banks and restricting legal tender to gold and silver

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16
Q

When was the Distribution Act repealed?

A

1832

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17
Q

What act gained Tyler maor legislator success?

A

Preemption Act, legalized the rights of squatters by giving them first chance to buy the land they were on

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18
Q

What was Daniel Websters main reason for staying in the cabinet?

A

He wanted to settle a border dispute with England over Maine and New Brunswick

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19
Q

Webster-Ashburton Treaty

A

a treaty that resolved several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies. Signed under John Tyler’s presidency

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20
Q

Why were many Americans moving to Mexico?

A

To grow cotton

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21
Q

Did Mexico have slavery banned?

A

Yes

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22
Q

What was the result of the fight at the Alamo?

A

Santa Anna killed all Americans

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23
Q

Who was in charge of the rebel army that defeated Santa Anna?

A

Sam Houston

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24
Q

Why did Britain like trading with independent Texas?

A

Texas had cotton with no tariff on it

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25
Q

What was John Tylers main goal of his presidency?

A

Texas annexation into the US

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26
Q

Who was Tylers Secretary of State and what did this mean?

A

Calhoun, northerners were alienated from political decisions

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27
Q

What did Northern politicians think about the annexation?

A

They thought it would bring on war with Mexico

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28
Q

The Senate refused to annex Texas, but what did?

A

A Joint Resolution

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29
Q

Polks president wants

A

Jacksonian, opposed high tariffs, didnt want a bank, wanted Texas

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30
Q

Which party helped Polk beat Henry Clay?

A

Liberty Party

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31
Q

What was Polk successful in doing?

A

lowered tariffs, restored independent treasury, gained more land, opposed federal internal movements

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32
Q

What was Polks negotiation with British about Oregon?

A

He told them he wanted all of Oregon ( 54/40 or fight) but he would accept the boundary at the 49th parallel

33
Q

What was Britains response?

A

They refused but Polk threatened to break the joint occupation treaty

34
Q

What did America start doing to Mexico?

A

Bullying =Mexico, which encouraged war

35
Q

Did Mexico ever try to re conquer Texas?

A

No

36
Q

Who was defending the Texas borde?

A

General Taylor

37
Q

What River did Mexico claim?

A

Nueces

38
Q

What river did USA claim?

A

Rio Grande

39
Q

Why did Polk order his men to cross the Rio Grande?

A

Because it would start a war with Mexico

40
Q

When did the war start decreasing in popularity?

A

When it moved south of the Rio Grande

41
Q

Polks plan for the war:

A

Clear Mexicans from Texas, take possession of Mexico and California, and march on Mexico City

42
Q

What territory did USA win in 1847?

A

Almost all territory north of Mexico City

43
Q

Polk was nervous about how popular General Taylor was, so who did he appoint to be in charge of Mexico City?

A

Winfield Scott

44
Q

Did Scott have Mexico City fallen quickly?

A

Yes

45
Q

For the Treaty of Hidalgo, did Mexico accept the border of Texas as the Rio Grande?

A

Yes

46
Q

How much did USA pay for New Mexico and California?

A

$15 million

47
Q

Gag Rule

A

In Congress, the House of Representatives used the “gag rule” to prohibit discussions and debates of the anti-slavery petitions.

48
Q

Wilmot Proviso

A

Slavery nor involuntary servitude could not exist in any territory acquired from Mexico

49
Q

Who found the Proviso offensive

A

South

50
Q

What couldnt the Proviso pass?

A

The Senate Compromise- Popular Sovereignty

51
Q

Who did the Whigs nominate for the 1848 election?

A

Zachary Taylor

52
Q

Who did the democrats nominate?

A

Lewis Cass (popular sovereginty)

53
Q

What did Van Buren help create?

A

Free Soil Party which won a small percentage of the vote

54
Q

Who won the election?

A

Zachary Taylor

55
Q

Compromise of 1850

A

California would enter as a free state, slave trade would be abolished in the District of Columbia, increased the power of the Fugitive Slave Act

56
Q

Who came up with this compromise?

A

Henry Clay

57
Q

Did Taylor like this compromise?

A

No

58
Q

Who took place and what did he do about the compromise?

A

Millard Fillmore, made the Compromise pass through Congress

59
Q

Waltham System

A

employing young unmarried women to work in factories

60
Q

Why did women work?

A

For economic and social reasons

61
Q

How many hours did women work?

A

70

62
Q

When women striked their factories, where did they go to work?

A

As clerks or teachers

63
Q

What did factory owners do?

A

Used Irish immigrants for their machines

64
Q

Middle Class women and Children

A

Had less kids which allowed for a disposable income and value of children

65
Q

What were children now seen as?

A

Source of enjoyment

66
Q

What was the South hardly affected by?

A

Urbanization, immigration, transportation, and industrialization

67
Q

What state led the way in tobacco and wheat production?

A

Virginia

68
Q

What increased crop production?

A

Crop rotation and fertilization

69
Q

As the price of slaves rose,

A

North opposition grew and the South countered with slave revolts

70
Q

Nat Turner Revolt

A

57 whites lost their lives before the revolt was stopped and Turner and his men were executed

71
Q

Impact of Turner Revolt

A

South had no interest in stopping slavery annd made it more difficult for them

72
Q

low wages and over crowding resulted in

A

population explosion in the cities which produced tenement houses

73
Q

Commonwealth v. Hunt

A

established the legality of labor unions

74
Q

Did labor unions have an easy time forming

A

no

75
Q

Who was making more money and becoming self sufficient and who was reliant on middlemen?

A

Western farmers, the south

76
Q

Who fell behind on railroad building?

A

South

77
Q

When was Great Economic Prosperity?

A

1840-1850

78
Q

Panic of 1857

A

Grain prices collapsed

79
Q

Who didnt get effected by the panic and what did they think?

A

South, thought they were immune to economic difficulties and thought separation from the Union made sense

APUSH (51 decks)

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