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APUSH > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Adams-Onis Treaty

A

Spain ceded Florida to the United States along with Oregon in exchange for US recognition of the Sabine River as the border between Louisiana and Spanish Texas

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2
Q

Did Americans listen to this treaty?

A

Not really, Americans still settled on Texas

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3
Q

After this treaty was signed, what happened?

A

Mexicans started revolting against Spanish rule from 1810 to 1821

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4
Q

The Mexican population Tejanos fell from

A

4000 to 2500 in the revolting year

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5
Q

Did Mexico win independence?

A

Yes

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6
Q

WHy did the government Give Moses Austin permission to start a colony in Texas?

A

They believed it would help stabilize area that was far from the population centers of Mexico or USA

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7
Q

Who received land in New Mexico because of his presence?

A

Stephen Austin,Moses son
Only American to get these rights

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8
Q

How many Americans came to Texas?

A

By 1830, 20,000

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9
Q

Did Americans in Texas get rid of slaves because Mexico prohibits them?

A

no

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10
Q

What aspects of New Mexico helped American communities to develop in Texas?

A

Difficult travel conditions and unstable government

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11
Q

In 1830, what did Mexico do?

A

Closed Texas to American immigration and importation of slaves

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12
Q

what did Mexico want?

A

trade be routed through established ports further south in Mexico rather than directly between Texas and the United States.

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13
Q

Who didnt like this?

A

American colonies

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14
Q

What did colonists organize to negotiate with Mexico?

A

army under the command of Sam Houston and sent Austin

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15
Q

DId Austin have success in Mexico City?

A

No, he was arrested and believed war should be brought on them

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16
Q

Were there more Tejanos or Americans in Texas?

A

Americans

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17
Q

What did Houston officially reconginze?

A

The Republic of Texas

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18
Q

What people were in California?

A

Lots of Mexicans and some Americans

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19
Q

Did the California population want independence?

A

Not really

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20
Q

WHo started settlement in California?

A

Father Junipero Serra

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21
Q

Father Junipero Serra

A

A Franciscan priest sent to Alta California to convert the California Indians to Catholic
Christianity, put them to work for the Spanish, and establish a stronger Spanish presence to protect against possible Russian expansion.

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22
Q

What did Serra successfully do?

A

succeeded in establishing a chain of
missions stretching from San Diego to San Francisco

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23
Q

Franciscan friars

A

worked to save Indian souls and bring them gifts of Spanish culture, but work them hard enough to ensure a good economic return for the missions

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24
Q

How did the Spanish government see the missions?

A

Significant in asserting soverignty as they controlled the work force and managed the colonies grain, cattle, and trade

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25
Q

Why did the Franciscans stop administering California missions?

A

When the Mexican government transferred ownership of the missions from church to state then to private hands.

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26
Q

What was Mexicans revolutionary?

A

a rejection not only of Spanish royal authority but also of the power of
the Catholic Church

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27
Q

Majority of Californias Mexican population lived on

A

large ranches along the coast

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28
Q

When did the revolt for independent Texas become a full war?

A

When American volunteers captured the Alamo fortress at San Antonio from its Mexica garrison

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29
Q

Who took command of the Alamo

A

James Bowie and William Travis

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30
Q

What was Austin doing while this was happening?

A

Went to Washington DC to get support for this

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31
Q

What was Houston doing while this was happening?

A

took command of the volunteer army based at the Texians temporary capital

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32
Q

What did Mexican President Santa Anna do in response?

A

Captured the Alamo again and killed its defenders in 1836

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33
Q

Who was killed?

A

Davy Crockett, Jim Bowie, and William Travis

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34
Q

What else did Anna order his army to do?

A

Go to the second Texan garrison at Goliad and kill the troops

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35
Q

Did the Mexican army do that?

A

Yes

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36
Q

Political leaders in the American colony met in a convention at Washington on the Brazos and declared what?

A

The independence of the Republic of Texas and adopted a constitution

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37
Q

who turned on the new independence and constitution

A

Santa Anna because he already defeated them

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38
Q

Did USA start to retreat?

A

Yes

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39
Q

How did this turn around?

A

Sam Houston defeated Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto and Anna was captured and forced to sign the Treaty of Velasco

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40
Q

What did this treaty intail?

A

withdraw all Mexican troops from Texas, end the war, and reconginze Texas indpendence.

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41
Q

Who was elected president of the New Republic?

A

Houston

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42
Q

What did Austin become?

A

Secretary of state

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43
Q

What did the Texas people want

A

Annexation by USA

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44
Q

Why was USA reluctant?

A

Texas would be a big slave state, which the would add slave states to the senate

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45
Q

What ws the decision?

A

The Republic of Texas would stand alone for now

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46
Q

What was one of Jacksons most significant acheivements?

A

The creation of the Democratic Party to continue his political philosophy

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47
Q

what did this party rest on?

A

Small federal government and Manifest Destiny

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48
Q

Who called the first national political covention to be held by a major party

A

Buren and Jackson

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49
Q

How did this help them?

A

Helped Buren win the next election adn the Democrats win most of the elections until CIvil War

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50
Q

How did Jackson help Buren win?

A

Stage managed his run and ensured that Richard Mentor Johnson was the vice president

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51
Q

What did the opposing side, Whig Party, want?

A

Large federal government and supported Bank of the US

52
Q

WHy didnt Whigs win the election of 1836?

A

Werent well organized yet

53
Q

Who were some of the Whig canadites that lost?

A

William Harrison, Hugh Lawson, and Daniel Webster

54
Q

EVen though Buren pledged to remove the Iriqouis from NY, did he?

A

No becuase of the difficulty he had removing Seminoles

54
Q

EVen though Buren pledged to remove the Iriqouis from NY, did he?

A

No becuase of the difficulty he had removing Seminoles

55
Q

What did Van Buren oppose?

A

Nulllification, Abolition

56
Q

Because he had many Southerners supporting him, what did he do for them?

A

Gap rule in congress

57
Q

Gap Rule

A

Prevention of discussion of antislavery petition from 1836 to 1844

58
Q

Who hated this rule becuase it limited constitutional rights?

A

John Quincy Adams

59
Q

How did Adams use this rule

A

He manipulated the rule to make all topics about slavery

60
Q

What happened 2 months into Burens run?

A

Panic of 1837

61
Q

Panic of 1837

A

Depression brought on by temporary excesses in trade and inability of US to control the currency

62
Q

Specie Circular

A

Issued by Jackson stipulating that only gold and silver could be used as payment for public land

63
Q

Why did a second panic hit in 1839

A

overspeculation of cotton and cotton producing land

64
Q

This panic resulted in

A

Textile and shoe industries laid of thousands of workers and banks closed

65
Q

Who ran against Buren in 1840?

A

Harrison and VP John Tyler

66
Q

WHo won?

A

WHigs

67
Q

How did Harrison die months into his election?

A

Got Pnemonia from his 4 hour inaguration speech

68
Q

What did Harrison do before he died?

A

Reissued the Bank and federal control of currency and credit which eased economic conditions?

69
Q

What did Harrison do before he died?

A

Reissued the Bank and federal control of currency and credit which eased economic conditions?

70
Q

Who was new President?

A

John Tyler

71
Q

What did Tyler do about Harrisons policies

A

Vetoed the bill because he agreed with Jackson and small governments

72
Q

Tyler issued the Land Act of 1841, which was

A

Made it easier for homesteaders to buy federal land

73
Q

What happened with Tylers policies

A

Entire Cabinet except Webster resigned over veto of the bank bills and expelled Tyler from the Whig party

74
Q

Webster-Ashburton Treaty

A

SIgned by USA and Britain that settled a boundary between Canada and USA

75
Q

What was Tylers two main goals

A

Annexation of Texas ad his own reelection

76
Q

Who presented Senate the treaty to the Senate for the annexation of Texas

A

Secretary of State Calhoun

77
Q

Did the Senate accept the treaty?

A

No

78
Q

With the next election, the Whigs nominated Henry Clay. Who was nominated for the Democrats?

A

James K. Polk

79
Q

With Polk as a nominee, what did the Democrats focus on?

A

election of Manifest Destiny

80
Q

Who won the election?

A

Polk

81
Q

What dominated the fur business in Oregon?

A

Canadians Hudson Bay Company

82
Q

Why did Oregon start getting so much attraction?

A

Missionaries settled in Oregon started publicising the beauty of Oregon

83
Q

Where as the Oregon territory

A

Along the Pacific coast from California to southern border of Russian America

84
Q

What did Polk promise about Oregon?

A

To win all of Oregon up to the Alaskan border

85
Q

Why did Calhoun and southerners want to give Oregon to Britain?

A

Because it would be a free state and didnt want war

86
Q

Who started to like Oregon with USA

A

Missouris powerful Senator Thomas Hart Benton

87
Q

What compromise did Britain and USA come to?

A

extended the border along the 49th parallel to the Pacific Ocean but kept Vancouver Island within British North America.

88
Q

What was the main concern with Texas?

A

What constituted it?

89
Q

What was the main concern with Texas?

A

What constituted it?

90
Q

WHat did Polk want for Texas and USA?

A

Wanted Texas to go as far as the Rio Grande and New Mexico and California

91
Q

Polk ordering Taylor to cross the Louisiana Texas border caused what?

A

A battle with Mexicans (which Polk wanted), and caused war with the Mexicans

92
Q

Who opposed the war?

A

Whigs, but war continued

93
Q

USA thought it would be a quick war, were they right?

A

no

94
Q

Who were some people that thought the war was wrong?

A

Abraham Lincoln, John QUincy Adams, Henry David Thoreau

95
Q

What was Thoreaus take on the War?

A

He did like it and refused to pay taxes that went to the war, was arrested

96
Q

What did USA have that Mexicans had little of?

A

Technology and good Navy

97
Q

How did Mexicans withdraw and how did this make Polk feel?

A

Peacefully, infuriated

98
Q

After Taylor was unable to march across deserts in mexico City, what did Polk do?

A

Sent Winfeild Scott to Mexican heartland, Veracruz and Mexico City and Mexico surrendered

99
Q

US War downfalls

A

Lost 12,518 soldiers and spent 100 million for war

100
Q

Bear Flag revolt

A

Led by American immigrants who declared California to be an inependent republic until US forces took control of the territory

101
Q

Who marched wit troops to take over California

A

Stephen Watt Kearny

102
Q

what did Navy declare California?

A

Proclamed US conquest of California

103
Q

did bear flag revolt work?

A

Yes, California was part of the Union

104
Q

Why was there limited warfare in California

A

non Indian population was small and the regular Mexican forces had abandoned the region before hostilities began

105
Q

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

A

Treaty signed in 1848 that ended the US War with Mexico and granted USA control of all Texas, New Mexico, and California

106
Q

Who was sent to negotiate the treaty eith Mexican government?

A

Nicholas Trist

107
Q

Result of Polk mad about the treaty

A

Did nt pay Trist

108
Q

How many citizens did USA acquire from Treaty?

A

90,000

109
Q

Gadsden Purchase

A

Continental USA was completed in 1853 when US payed Mexico 10 million for a strip of land that was southern NM and Arizona

110
Q

Who negotiated for THIS treaty?

A

James Gadsden

111
Q

DWho did the Whigs nominate for election of 1848?

A

Zachary Taylor

112
Q

Democrats nomination

A

Lewis Cass

113
Q

What did Cass create

A

Free SOil Party

114
Q

Free Soil party

A

Comitted to ensure all states free of slavery,

115
Q

Free Soil party

A

Comitted to ensure all states free of slavery,

116
Q

Who won?

A

Zach Taylor

117
Q

When taylor died, who took his place?

A

Millard Filmore

118
Q

Who discvered gold first in California?

A

James Marshall

119
Q

California Gold Rush

A

Rush to find gold that brought thousands of new residents to California and produced millions of dolalrs

120
Q

Who was mining for gold?

A

Indians, Mexican residents, Americasn

121
Q

How much gold was produced in California within 3 years

A

10 million

122
Q

How were people getting to the gold?

A

Walking, oxen, boat

123
Q

How were Americans treating Chinese and Indian miners?

A

Bad, running them ot of the mines

124
Q

How were Indian populations decreasing because of gold?

A

Disease and murder

124
Q

How were Indian populations decreasing because of gold?

A

Disease and murder

125
Q

How did Gold Rush end

A

Turned into large scale company mining

APUSH (51 decks)

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