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Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Adams-Onis Treaty

A

Spain ceded Florida to the United States along with Oregon in exchange for US recognition of the Sabine River as the border between Louisiana and Spanish Texas

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2
Q

Did Americans listen to this treaty?

A

Not really, Americans still settled on Texas

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3
Q

After this treaty was signed, what happened?

A

Mexicans started revolting against Spanish rule from 1810 to 1821

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4
Q

The Mexican population Tejanos fell from

A

4000 to 2500 in the revolting year

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5
Q

Did Mexico win independence?

A

Yes

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6
Q

WHy did the government Give Moses Austin permission to start a colony in Texas?

A

They believed it would help stabilize area that was far from the population centers of Mexico or USA

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7
Q

Who received land in New Mexico because of his presence?

A

Stephen Austin,Moses son
Only American to get these rights

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8
Q

How many Americans came to Texas?

A

By 1830, 20,000

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9
Q

Did Americans in Texas get rid of slaves because Mexico prohibits them?

A

no

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10
Q

What aspects of New Mexico helped American communities to develop in Texas?

A

Difficult travel conditions and unstable government

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11
Q

In 1830, what did Mexico do?

A

Closed Texas to American immigration and importation of slaves

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12
Q

what did Mexico want?

A

trade be routed through established ports further south in Mexico rather than directly between Texas and the United States.

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13
Q

Who didnt like this?

A

American colonies

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14
Q

What did colonists organize to negotiate with Mexico?

A

army under the command of Sam Houston and sent Austin

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15
Q

DId Austin have success in Mexico City?

A

No, he was arrested and believed war should be brought on them

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16
Q

Were there more Tejanos or Americans in Texas?

A

Americans

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17
Q

What did Houston officially reconginze?

A

The Republic of Texas

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18
Q

What people were in California?

A

Lots of Mexicans and some Americans

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19
Q

Did the California population want independence?

A

Not really

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20
Q

WHo started settlement in California?

A

Father Junipero Serra

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21
Q

Father Junipero Serra

A

A Franciscan priest sent to Alta California to convert the California Indians to Catholic
Christianity, put them to work for the Spanish, and establish a stronger Spanish presence to protect against possible Russian expansion.

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22
Q

What did Serra successfully do?

A

succeeded in establishing a chain of
missions stretching from San Diego to San Francisco

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23
Q

Franciscan friars

A

worked to save Indian souls and bring them gifts of Spanish culture, but work them hard enough to ensure a good economic return for the missions

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24
Q

How did the Spanish government see the missions?

A

Significant in asserting soverignty as they controlled the work force and managed the colonies grain, cattle, and trade

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25
Why did the Franciscans stop administering California missions?
When the Mexican government transferred ownership of the missions from church to state then to private hands.
26
What was Mexicans revolutionary?
a rejection not only of Spanish royal authority but also of the power of the Catholic Church
27
Majority of Californias Mexican population lived on
large ranches along the coast
28
When did the revolt for independent Texas become a full war?
When American volunteers captured the Alamo fortress at San Antonio from its Mexica garrison
29
Who took command of the Alamo
James Bowie and William Travis
30
What was Austin doing while this was happening?
Went to Washington DC to get support for this
31
What was Houston doing while this was happening?
took command of the volunteer army based at the Texians temporary capital
32
What did Mexican President Santa Anna do in response?
Captured the Alamo again and killed its defenders in 1836
33
Who was killed?
Davy Crockett, Jim Bowie, and William Travis
34
What else did Anna order his army to do?
Go to the second Texan garrison at Goliad and kill the troops
35
Did the Mexican army do that?
Yes
36
Political leaders in the American colony met in a convention at Washington on the Brazos and declared what?
The independence of the Republic of Texas and adopted a constitution
37
who turned on the new independence and constitution
Santa Anna because he already defeated them
38
Did USA start to retreat?
Yes
39
How did this turn around?
Sam Houston defeated Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto and Anna was captured and forced to sign the Treaty of Velasco
40
What did this treaty intail?
withdraw all Mexican troops from Texas, end the war, and reconginze Texas indpendence.
41
Who was elected president of the New Republic?
Houston
42
What did Austin become?
Secretary of state
43
What did the Texas people want
Annexation by USA
44
Why was USA reluctant?
Texas would be a big slave state, which the would add slave states to the senate
45
What ws the decision?
The Republic of Texas would stand alone for now
46
What was one of Jacksons most significant acheivements?
The creation of the Democratic Party to continue his political philosophy
47
what did this party rest on?
Small federal government and Manifest Destiny
48
Who called the first national political covention to be held by a major party
Buren and Jackson
49
How did this help them?
Helped Buren win the next election adn the Democrats win most of the elections until CIvil War
50
How did Jackson help Buren win?
Stage managed his run and ensured that Richard Mentor Johnson was the vice president
51
What did the opposing side, Whig Party, want?
Large federal government and supported Bank of the US
52
WHy didnt Whigs win the election of 1836?
Werent well organized yet
53
Who were some of the Whig canadites that lost?
William Harrison, Hugh Lawson, and Daniel Webster
54
EVen though Buren pledged to remove the Iriqouis from NY, did he?
No becuase of the difficulty he had removing Seminoles
54
EVen though Buren pledged to remove the Iriqouis from NY, did he?
No becuase of the difficulty he had removing Seminoles
55
What did Van Buren oppose?
Nulllification, Abolition
56
Because he had many Southerners supporting him, what did he do for them?
Gap rule in congress
57
Gap Rule
Prevention of discussion of antislavery petition from 1836 to 1844
58
Who hated this rule becuase it limited constitutional rights?
John Quincy Adams
59
How did Adams use this rule
He manipulated the rule to make all topics about slavery
60
What happened 2 months into Burens run?
Panic of 1837
61
Panic of 1837
Depression brought on by temporary excesses in trade and inability of US to control the currency
62
Specie Circular
Issued by Jackson stipulating that only gold and silver could be used as payment for public land
63
Why did a second panic hit in 1839
overspeculation of cotton and cotton producing land
64
This panic resulted in
Textile and shoe industries laid of thousands of workers and banks closed
65
Who ran against Buren in 1840?
Harrison and VP John Tyler
66
WHo won?
WHigs
67
How did Harrison die months into his election?
Got Pnemonia from his 4 hour inaguration speech
68
What did Harrison do before he died?
Reissued the Bank and federal control of currency and credit which eased economic conditions?
69
What did Harrison do before he died?
Reissued the Bank and federal control of currency and credit which eased economic conditions?
70
Who was new President?
John Tyler
71
What did Tyler do about Harrisons policies
Vetoed the bill because he agreed with Jackson and small governments
72
Tyler issued the Land Act of 1841, which was
Made it easier for homesteaders to buy federal land
73
What happened with Tylers policies
Entire Cabinet except Webster resigned over veto of the bank bills and expelled Tyler from the Whig party
74
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
SIgned by USA and Britain that settled a boundary between Canada and USA
75
What was Tylers two main goals
Annexation of Texas ad his own reelection
76
Who presented Senate the treaty to the Senate for the annexation of Texas
Secretary of State Calhoun
77
Did the Senate accept the treaty?
No
78
With the next election, the Whigs nominated Henry Clay. Who was nominated for the Democrats?
James K. Polk
79
With Polk as a nominee, what did the Democrats focus on?
election of Manifest Destiny
80
Who won the election?
Polk
81
What dominated the fur business in Oregon?
Canadians Hudson Bay Company
82
Why did Oregon start getting so much attraction?
Missionaries settled in Oregon started publicising the beauty of Oregon
83
Where as the Oregon territory
Along the Pacific coast from California to southern border of Russian America
84
What did Polk promise about Oregon?
To win all of Oregon up to the Alaskan border
85
Why did Calhoun and southerners want to give Oregon to Britain?
Because it would be a free state and didnt want war
86
Who started to like Oregon with USA
Missouris powerful Senator Thomas Hart Benton
87
What compromise did Britain and USA come to?
extended the border along the 49th parallel to the Pacific Ocean but kept Vancouver Island within British North America.
88
What was the main concern with Texas?
What constituted it?
89
What was the main concern with Texas?
What constituted it?
90
WHat did Polk want for Texas and USA?
Wanted Texas to go as far as the Rio Grande and New Mexico and California
91
Polk ordering Taylor to cross the Louisiana Texas border caused what?
A battle with Mexicans (which Polk wanted), and caused war with the Mexicans
92
Who opposed the war?
Whigs, but war continued
93
USA thought it would be a quick war, were they right?
no
94
Who were some people that thought the war was wrong?
Abraham Lincoln, John QUincy Adams, Henry David Thoreau
95
What was Thoreaus take on the War?
He did like it and refused to pay taxes that went to the war, was arrested
96
What did USA have that Mexicans had little of?
Technology and good Navy
97
How did Mexicans withdraw and how did this make Polk feel?
Peacefully, infuriated
98
After Taylor was unable to march across deserts in mexico City, what did Polk do?
Sent Winfeild Scott to Mexican heartland, Veracruz and Mexico City and Mexico surrendered
99
US War downfalls
Lost 12,518 soldiers and spent 100 million for war
100
Bear Flag revolt
Led by American immigrants who declared California to be an inependent republic until US forces took control of the territory
101
Who marched wit troops to take over California
Stephen Watt Kearny
102
what did Navy declare California?
Proclamed US conquest of California
103
did bear flag revolt work?
Yes, California was part of the Union
104
Why was there limited warfare in California
non Indian population was small and the regular Mexican forces had abandoned the region before hostilities began
105
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Treaty signed in 1848 that ended the US War with Mexico and granted USA control of all Texas, New Mexico, and California
106
Who was sent to negotiate the treaty eith Mexican government?
Nicholas Trist
107
Result of Polk mad about the treaty
Did nt pay Trist
108
How many citizens did USA acquire from Treaty?
90,000
109
Gadsden Purchase
Continental USA was completed in 1853 when US payed Mexico 10 million for a strip of land that was southern NM and Arizona
110
Who negotiated for THIS treaty?
James Gadsden
111
DWho did the Whigs nominate for election of 1848?
Zachary Taylor
112
Democrats nomination
Lewis Cass
113
What did Cass create
Free SOil Party
114
Free Soil party
Comitted to ensure all states free of slavery,
115
Free Soil party
Comitted to ensure all states free of slavery,
116
Who won?
Zach Taylor
117
When taylor died, who took his place?
Millard Filmore
118
Who discvered gold first in California?
James Marshall
119
California Gold Rush
Rush to find gold that brought thousands of new residents to California and produced millions of dolalrs
120
Who was mining for gold?
Indians, Mexican residents, Americasn
121
How much gold was produced in California within 3 years
10 million
122
How were people getting to the gold?
Walking, oxen, boat
123
How were Americans treating Chinese and Indian miners?
Bad, running them ot of the mines
124
How were Indian populations decreasing because of gold?
Disease and murder
124
How were Indian populations decreasing because of gold?
Disease and murder
125
How did Gold Rush end
Turned into large scale company mining

APUSH (51 decks)

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