Chapter 4 Flashcards
Why did the English Parliament not trust King James?
Thought he supported Catholicism
Did English Parliament out James?
Yes, during Glorious Revolution
Why was Glorious Revolution a thing?
Assertion of ¨the rights of english men¨ and authority of elected assemblies to control their destiny
What was hypocritical about King James II
A Catholic that was the head of the Protestant Church of England
What did James do for Catholics?
Expand their religious freedom
What did James do for Protestants?
Aroused opposition in Britians Protestant majority
What did James want to assert
royal authority
how did James assert royal authority?
appointed a single governor Sir Edmund Andros over New England
Did colonies like Sir Edmund Andros as their new governor?
no
WHat did James do because the people didnt like him?
He fled
When King James fled, what did Parliament do?
Invited his daughter Mary to go to England as joint sovereigns
what did Parliament do now that it was in power?
Limited royal authorities and took some control over kings and queens choices
Kings and Queens were now ______, leaving ________ as the deciding factor in England
limited, Parliament
Who justified the Glorious Revolution?
John Locke
Why did he justify the Glorious revolution
he wanted the government resting their natural rights of the governed
What did John Locke believe?
Believed that people were born free in a state of nature and only agreed to social compact when it suite their purposes
What did John Locke believe about the king
The king nor the parliament are supreme, but the people are
What continent used Lockes ideas hundreds of years later
North America
Who were the new monarchs of New England?
William and Mary
What did William and Mary allow?
Allowed New England colonies to return to former separate existences
In what colonies were Protestants allowed ¨Liberty of Conscience¨
Massachusetts and Connecticut
Were Catholics granted ¨Liberty of Conscience¨
No
What wasnt allowed in New England
Catholic worship
What state made the bottom of the social order gain power
New York
Who made the bottom of the social order gain power in New York
The governor, Jacob Leisler
Who made low social class New Yorkers loose their wealth
New governors Mary and William
Which colonies catholic proprietor lost ownership
Maryland
After 1689, what companies lost power?
Virginia Company and Massachusetts Company
What religion gained rights
Protestants
Who were now considered African slaves
Mixed children
Did slaves grow or decline in the south?
grow
What type of workers were all African slaves
Tobacco and rice workers
Consistent flow of slaves to islands controlled by
English, Dutch, French, Danish, and Spanish
how many Africans were forced across the Atlantic between 1500-1900
10-15 million
Conditions of the slaves on the African coast
cramped in slave factories, only fed bread and water
How did countries keep track of ¨their slaves¨
marked them with an iron
The Middle Passage
where slaves were transferred to the Americas, and had ships of 400 slaves, chained shoulder to shoulder
What percent of slaves died on the voyages
25%
What percent of slaves died on the voyages
25%
After generations of slaves, did they get treated better or worse
worse
Usually what job did African slaves do
tobacco, rice, or cotton plantations
Slaves punishments
branded, tortured, whipped
Where was the largest trading center in North America
Charleston, South Carolina
Stono Rebellion
Runaway slaves led a rebellion, which drained the Carolina economy and helped gain freedom from slavery in Spanish Florida in 1739
How did slaves rebel during the Stono Rebellion
About 60 slaves walked off their plantation and burned buildings, killed whites to gain freedom in Spanish Florida
New Yorks African community had _____ out of 10,000 residents
2,000 africans
How may Africans died bc they were suspected of killing during the rebellion
30 (burned, hung, executed)
Where were the other suspects exported
Jamaica (84)
Women in Salem who-
lived alone or werent English were not to be trusted
Which girls suffered fits and didnt believe in Go, leading people to believe they were involved in witchcraft
Abigail and Betty
Who did they accuse of bewitching them
Tituba, their family Indian slave
what did Abby and Betty start
Salem Witch trials
How many people ere executed that were thought to be witches?
144
What happened to the Salem Witch Trials?
Authorities had doubts and led them to end the trial
What percent of British women in North America were lonely
90%
What could men do that women couldnt
lots, like sell, buy, and make political talk
What occupation were alot of women
nurses
Who was at the bottom of the heirarchy
enslaved women
Eliza Lucas
Wealthy woman, became a popular member of Charlestons elite and was in charge of 3 plantations at age 16 (bc war)
what did Eliza Lucas help develop and cultivate
indigo
what did Eliza Lucas help develop and cultivate
indigo
What population increased with trade
British North American population
What was the total population of the colonies
2.5 million, including 500,000 slaves
How did port cities help the British Empire
Centers for trade and culture
What did North American ships carry
cornmeal, pork, and beef
What plantations were richer than mainland plantations
Jamaica and Barbados
Cotton Mather
Created the first vaccine against smallpox in 1721
made cities safer
What economic system did Britain develop
mercantilism
What other economic system was taking over
capitalism
Why did people support mercantilism
they thought it would increase the nations wealth
Why did Britain guard mercantilism colonies
so the colonies wealth would be with Britain
Navigation Act
anything shipped to North America had to be transported in English ships and everything shipped from the colonies had to be transported in English ships
(mercantilism)
What did mercantilism focus on
control of things
what did mercantilism NOT focus on
trade of things
Why did British colonists in North America hate mercantilism
British policies were keeping them from getting rich
What was a source of wealth throughout British colonies
finding loopholes in the Navigation Acts
What did trade increase
information gain, like helping Mather with vaccination and having Indians ally w France
Two social classes in North America (1700s)
mean and women who didnt work for a living and those who needed money on bottom
Who was considered lowest of the low
slaves and indentured servants
What type of people considered themselves ¨middle sorts¨
mechanics, farmers, physicians, sailors, and printers
Who was the best known minister in Boston in 1702
Cotton Mather
What did Mather publish?
a history of New England that basically said that this land was a divinely planned opportunity to begin the world again and make it right
Why was Mathers book declined
settlers were living comfortable lives
What did the growth of philosophical ideas lead to
intellectuals looking into science and trying to understand the world
What was the ¨science age¨ considered
Age of Enlightenment
Who was nervous about the science uproars
ministers
how did ministers deal with the science popularity?
Had sermons to increase the interest of religion
The First Great Awakening
Led by Jonathan Edwards, religious revivals that swept the North American colonies in the 1730s had started
What did the Great Awakening lead to?
any non-religious people to believe in religion and strengthening others religions
What did the Awakening also help?
education systems
What was Benjamin Franklins greatest desire?
for the people of Great Britain and its colonies to ¨learn to consider themselves, not as people belonging to different communities with different interest, but to one community with one interest¨
Which countries tensions started a war?
France and England
