Chapter 10 Flashcards
What is the first thing Jackson wanted to do as President?
Replace many senior federal office holders, many served under several presidents
how did Jackson appoint people to government jobs?
Spoil System
Spoil System
A way of selecting people for government jobs based on the idea that “to the victor belongs the spoils”
What was an effect of Jackson and his policies?
experienced officials were fired from small, stable federal bureaucracy
Who was Jacksons Secretary of State?
Martin Van Buren
Who did Jackson spend most of his time in office with?
the Kitchen Cabinet
Kitchen Cabinet
Longtime friends and advisors who worked closely with Jackson
What were some accomplishments from the Kitchen Cabinet
Removed Indians from wanted lands, revoked the charter for the Second Bank of the US, and preserving the authority of the federal union against radical supporters of states rights
How did he want to make the presidency?
The center of the American government
What did he do differently than other presidents?
Vetoed more congressional bills than his predecessors
what did Jackson want the West Indians to do?
Move from Northern Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to more west to clear for white settlement
What did Jackson not like?
Big federal government and Bank of the US
What did Jackson defend through his Presidency?
Slaveholding
How do historians see Jackson?
One of the most complex presidents, expanding the roles of poor and working-class whites, while reducing
the rights of Indians, slaves, federal employees, bankers, and indeed anyone who dis-agreed with him
Indian Removal
Jacksons policy of of forcing the Cherokee Nation and other tribes to move to reservations in Oklahoma
How did this effect the tribes?
War resulted in the tribes, losses, resistance, resignation, and reinvention
Five Civilized Tribes
The Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choctaws, Creeks, and Seminoles, who had established treaty agreements with the United States in
the late 1700s or early 1800s, lived in peace with their neighbors and adopted more of the ways of the whites than most Native Americans
What were some things that the 5 Civilized Tribes did?
Created their own alphabet, set up trade networks with other tribes and whites, intermarried with whites, set up farms, cultivated cotton
What tribe was the model of assimilation that older presidents wanted?
Cherokee tribe
Indian Removal Act
Legislation passed by Congress in 1830 which provided funds for removing and resettling eastern Indians in the West. It granted the president the authority to
use force if necessary and resulted in the involuntary transfer of thousands of Native Americans to new homes in Oklahoma
If these Indians did not “voluntarily” leave Georgia, what would happen
Indians wouldnt be able to vote, own property, or testify against whites in court
Why did the Indian Removal become a fight?
Because Cherokee, Creek, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Seminole leaders as well as some whites started to protest against it
Who led the opposition of the Indian Removal Act?
Theodore Frelinghuysen
Who else joined this opposition?
Henry Clay
The bill to protect the Indians was passed, but
Jackson signed a law to make half a century of treaties void
What two court cases ruled the Cherokee a domestic dependent nation?
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia and Worcester v. Georgia
What did Jackson do about the cases?
Ignored it
Trail of Tears
The forced march in 1838 of the Cherokee Indians from their homelands in Georgia to the Indian Territory in the West; thousands of Cherokees died along the way.
Who led the Trail of Tears
American soldiers, Martin Van Buren helped it
Seeing the Trail, what did other tribes do?
Chickasaws moved quickly west, but Seminoles stayed in Florida, annilating any soldier that faced them
What Indians remained legally in the East after all of Jacksons laws and policies?
the Iroquois in New York, a few Cherokees in North
Carolina, and scattered small communities remained legally east of the Mississippi
How many Indians were forcely removed during Jackson Administration?
46,000
How did the Cherokees, Creeks, and Choctaws surive?
they reestablished their communities, adopted a constitution, set up a school system
What did the Jeffersonian Republicans do about the Second Bank of the US?
refused to extend its charter and it closed
how did the 2nd bank make a comeback?
As the War of 1812 diminished the economy, only a national bank could build long-term prosperity and ensure that their loan would be repaid s the bank was back
Why did many Jackson supporters disagree about his views of the bank?
Because it helped the country
WHo was the banks president and ho did he help thee bank survive?
Nicholas Biddle, he stabilize the currency, help state banks through difficult times, and expand the nation’s credit,
something that both northern mill owners and western land promoters liked
