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APUSH > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

What did George Washington do once he was elected president?

A

Appointed first members of the Supreme Court, created a presidential cabinet,

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2
Q

Who was appointed one of the first cabinet members?

A

Alexander Hamilton

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3
Q

What did Hamilton do in cabinet?

A

Laid the foundation for the nations economic system

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4
Q

What did Washington assert?

A

Federal authority and expanded the US army to win Indian wars on the frontier

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5
Q

Who was Washingtons vice president?

A

John Adams

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6
Q

Who was Washingtons Secretary of State?

A

Thomas Jefferson

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7
Q

Who became rivals because their arguements represented different directions for the country?

A

John Adams and Thomas Jefferson

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8
Q

What did the Constitution leave up to the state legislature?

A

To decide how to manage House of Representative, Senate, and presidential elections

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9
Q

Who elected the Senate until 1913?

A

State legislatures

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10
Q

What was the nations temporary capital?

A

New York City

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11
Q

Who confirmed the election of the President?

A

The Senate

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12
Q

What controversial power did the government have?

A

Power to set and collect taxes

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13
Q

When and where were Washington and Adams inaugurated?

A

April 30th, 1789 in new York

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14
Q

What did Hamilton recommend to Washington?

A

establish a court similar to King George III

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15
Q

What type of court did Washington establish?

A

Formal state dinners, formal relationships, but avoiding thrones and robes in office

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16
Q

What did people call Washington?

A

Mr. President

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17
Q

Who build the White House?

A

Mostly slaves

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18
Q

Who wanted to propose amendments to the Constitution?

A

James Madison

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19
Q

Did Madison have an easy time getting his amendments passed?

A

No

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20
Q

How did Washington feel about the amendments?

A

He believed some were important, and some werent

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21
Q

Theodorick Bland

A

Suggested a second convention to consider the defects of the Constitution

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22
Q

Madison abandoned his first proposal and came up with what?

A

Propose amendments to be added at the end of the Constitution

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23
Q

Was his idea passed?

A

Yes, but Senate changed them a bit

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24
Q

How many amendments did Congress send to the states for radification?

A

12

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25
Q

Which amendments was most important to the Anti-federalists?

A

The 10th amendment- the powers not delegated by the United States are reserved to the people

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26
Q

What did the federal government not being able to collect taxes mean?

A

Federal debts werent being paid off and the financial status of the US was in trouble

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27
Q

could government afford an army to protect the frontier?

A

no

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28
Q

was their an official national currency?

A

No

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29
Q

What was the problem with the nation printing a variety of paper notes?

A

Easily counterfeited which led to inflation

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30
Q

What helped create financial footing for the US?

A

Congress adopted a 5% customs tax on all import to the US

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31
Q

What else did Congress adopt?

A

4 senior positions within the executive branch: secretaries of state, war, and the treasury, and an attorney general

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32
Q

what did these positions become?

A

The first presidential cabinet

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33
Q

Washingtons secretary of state:

A

Thomas Jefferson

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34
Q

Washingtons secretary of war:

A

Henry Knox

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35
Q

Washingtons attorney general

A

Edmund Randolph

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36
Q

Washingtons secretary of treasury:

A

Alexander Hamilton

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37
Q

What did Hamilton do on his first day of treasury?

A

negotiated a $50,000 loan from the Bank of New York to keep the government solvent

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38
Q

What else did Hamilton do?

A

Created a Customs Service to collect the 5% import tax and organized what wold become the US Coast Guard to be sure imports werent smuggled

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39
Q

What report was the foundation of the economic development of the new nation?

A

Hamiltons Report Relative to a Provision for the support of Public Credit

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40
Q

Why couldnt the state and federal governments borrow money?

A

Because foreign governments did trust them enough to pay their bills

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41
Q

Effects of the nation not having money

A

The government could not finance desperately needed activities like the creation of an army, private businesses could not restart commerce,
which had been mostly frozen since the Revolution.

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42
Q

What solution did Hamilton see for the US

A

The federal government needed to promise to pay ALL war debt off while establishing a tax policy that would show wary observers that the gov. would meet its obligations

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43
Q

Who surprisingly didnt agree with Hamilton?

A

Madison and Jefferson

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44
Q

Why did some people not agree with Hamilton?

A

Some states were unhappy that thy had to pay the same amount of money as other states even though they already payed off more debt and farmers thought Hamilton raised too much taxes for them to sustain life

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45
Q

What compromise did Hamilton and Madison make?

A

If the countries capital would be more south, then Hamilton would have Madison and Jeffersons support on his economic plan

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46
Q

DId the compromise go through?

A

Yes, the capital was in Philadelphia at Potomac River, and Hamilton got his economic plan

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47
Q

What was the effect that now central banks could give out loans?

A

expanded the amount of credit available

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48
Q

With the governments guarauntee, how did banks help the economy?

A

Stimulated commerce and trade, businesses could get loans, and investments in new enterprises could begin

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49
Q

Why was the bank plan bad for southern plantation owners?

A

It centralized power in big northern cities

50
Q

Who didnt like banks?

A

Madison and Jefferson

51
Q

What did Jefferson fear about banks?

A

feared banks would keep the rich rich and the poor in poverty

52
Q

Why were banks hard for farmers?

A

A long distance away and werent able to access banks

53
Q

With hearing all the arguements, did Washington sign the bank bill?

A

Yes

54
Q

How did this bill effect the country?

A

Made it more divided

55
Q

What did Hamilton propose on american coins?

A

Proposed that US would make uniform coins to use throughout the country, was passed

56
Q

After Hamilton resigned, who took his place as Secretary of Treasury?

A

Oliver Wollcott

57
Q

What was Hamiltons Report on Manufactures about?

A

a blueprint for the future of the nation

58
Q

What did Hamilton want?

A

support for factories that would create finished goods, and wanted all military needs to be fufilled

59
Q

Free Labor

A

Hamilton mentioned in his report that immigrants could work in the new upcoming factories

60
Q

Did Hamilton like slavery?

A

no

61
Q

Where did Hamilton get some of his ideas from?

A

Britain and a Scottish philosopher Adam Smith, who wrote Wealth of Nations

62
Q

Smith ideas that Hamilton agreed with:

A

wealth was generated by the free trade of goods and services and by competition to expand trade. This circulates money and lowers cost of goods

63
Q

What did Smiths book attack?

A

earlier ideas of mercantilism

64
Q

What was Washington the most afraid of?

A

US would lose the land west of the 13 states

65
Q

Why was Washington worried about this?

A

Indians in that territory were strong and Britain hadnt removed all forces from forts out West

66
Q

What did John Sevier do because he was fed up with the lack of protection for western states

A

led settlers in North Carolina and now Tennessee to create its own state- Franklin

67
Q

what happened to Franklin?

A

Their petition to make a state failed, so they considered themselves an independent nation

68
Q

What was Washingtons first move after taking office?

A

Tour the USA to see and be seen by citizens

69
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A

Began because of the dislike of Hamilton trying to raise taxes, rebellion failed Washington stopped it

70
Q

What did Washington start to pay attention to during his 2nd term?

A

Tension between USA and revolutionary France

71
Q

How long did Washingtons tour take?

A

From 1789 to 1791

72
Q

WHat did his tour allow him to do?

A

allowed him to
address important issues such as religious freedom, hear from citizens, and personalize
a distant national government

73
Q

What did Washington do to win against Western Indianss?

A

expand the army to 1000 men and 15000 state militia in Kentucky, Virginia, and Pennsylvania

74
Q

Did this work?

A

no

75
Q

What were the Iroquois, Miami, and Shawnee determined to do?

A

allow no white settlement west of the Ohio Valley and demanded US abandoned forts in that territory

76
Q

What did Washington call on the Indians and who did he appoint as general of US Army

A

War and Anthony Wayne

77
Q

Treaty of Greenville

A

Ended hostilities with Indians and Whites in future states Ohio and Indiana and established Indian reserves while giving the remaining land to whites

78
Q

Who was the Indian leader?

A

Little Turtle

79
Q

Did USA win?

A

Yes

80
Q

Where did Indians move?

A

To British Canada, further in the Louisiana Territory

81
Q

What did Hamilton want to tax that started the Whiskey Rebellion?

A

Whiskey

82
Q

Who didnt support this tax?

A

Farmers msotly in western Pennsylvania

83
Q

Why didnt these farmers support it?

A

Making whiskey was their livelihood and tax it would eat up their profit

84
Q

What states opposed this tax?

A

Pennsylvania, North
Carolina, Maryland, Virginia, and Georgia legislatures

85
Q

How did proteste escalate?

A

Tax collectors were shot at, tarred and feathered, or beaten and threatened with
scalping, rebels agreed to fight for the repeal of the tax
and to treat tax collectors with the “contempt they deserve.”

86
Q

What plans did the 1600 protestors make?

A

Planned to attack the government to gain weaponry

87
Q

How did Washington deal with the rebels?

A

Negotiated with them

88
Q

How did Washington deal with the rebels?

A

Negotiated with them

89
Q

How did Washington end up stopping the Whiskey Rebellion?

A

Called 12000 militia from states and led them to Pennsylvania where he threatened the rebels

90
Q

Did this effect the rebels?

A

yes

91
Q

What did Washington realize during his 2nd term?

A

France would soon be at war with Britain and Austria, making American Diplomacy ahrd

92
Q

How did Washington try to remain neutral in the war?

A

Creating the Proclamation of Neutrality

93
Q

Who landed in America and started commissioning US vessels to attack British shipping

A

Edmond-Charles Genet- Violation of Washingtons policy

94
Q

What did Washington do in response?

A

Demanded that the French government recall Genet

95
Q

Did Americans support the French Revolution?

A

Yes

96
Q

What group of people and why didnt they love the French Rev.

A

Federalists because they worried deference and heirarchy was disappearing too quick in US

97
Q

Federalists

A

Pro British and wanted a strong federal government

98
Q

Democratic Republican Party

A

Pro French and wanted a small federal government

99
Q

What did Washington try to do with the parties?

A

Unify them, did not work

100
Q

WHy else did America dislike British

A

They still held forts in USA

101
Q

Orders in Council

A

Britain banning all American commercial lnks with France

102
Q

Who did Washington send to resolve the British problem?

A

John Jay

103
Q

Jays Treaty

A

A treaty with Britain where US made concessions to avert war over the British seizure of American ships

104
Q

Did Washington like this treaty?

A

no, but sent it to get radified anyway

105
Q

Pickneys Treaty

A

A treaty with Spain that set the border between the United States and Spanish Florida

106
Q

What was good effect with Pickneys Treaty for farmers?

A

Western farmers could ship goods down the Mississippi to World Markets

107
Q

Who did John Adams come to represent?

A

The Federalists

108
Q

How did press portray Adams and Jefferson running for pres

A

Made Adams look good and Jefferson look horribble

109
Q

Who did Washington want to become president?

A

Adams

110
Q

How were the Federalist and DR Partys differences?

A

So bad, getting almost violent

111
Q

What did the French Directory decline?

A

Adams pick to be the ambassador for France, Charles Cotesworth

112
Q

Who started an undeclared war on USA

A

France

113
Q

How did Federalists react to this war?

A

called for war against France

114
Q

How did DR Party react to war?

A

claimed it was fake made up by Federalists

115
Q

How did Adams resolve the ¨war¨

A

sent Elbridge Gerry with Pinckney to try to reopen negotiations with France

116
Q

How did the France negotiations go?

A

Bad, Frances foreign minister Talleyrand said negotiations could go on only if he was paid a bribe of $250,000 anf French gov. recieved a $12 million loan

117
Q

XYZ affair

A

Americans outraged by the demand of the French for a bribe as a condition for negotiating with American diplomats

118
Q

Quasi War

A

undeclared war between US and France

119
Q

What did the Congress create for against France?

A

Marine Corps and Navy and armed merchant ships so they could attack French ships

120
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts

A

Acts making it harder for immigrants to vote and made it a crime to criticize President or COngress

121
Q

Did Adams request this Act

A

No, hurt his reputation though

APUSH (51 decks)

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