Chapter 5 Flashcards
In 1756, which countries agreed to defend eachother?
Prussia and England
Why did Prussia and England agree to defend eachother?
Austria signed a treaty with France
What war was declared between France/Austria and England/Prussia?
French and Indian War
Who did Sweden and Saxony join?
The French
Which British force retook British Calcutta from Bengal?
Robert Clive
What did Clive do for Britian?
Laid out Britains foundation for its 200 year rule in India
What did Britain take from France?
Goree
What did taking Goree from France do for England?
Hurt Frances economy
Did not have impact on slave trade
Where was most of the Seven Year War fought?
In the Caribbean
How did the Seven Year War end?
Martinique and Guadeloupe returning to France for concessions in North America
What countries were returned to Spain from Britain in exchange for Spanish Florida?
Havana, Cuba, and Manila
What tribe sought an alliance with England and Iroquois against the French?
The Delaware Tribe, mostly the leader Teedyuscung
What was determined during this Delaware/England/Iroquois alliance
white settlements werent allowed west of the Alleghenies
James Wolfe
Defeated a French army with his men and captured Quebec in 1759
How did Wolfes capture change Canada?
It ended all French control in Canada
What two countries signed the Treaty of Paris to end war?
England and France
Who wanted these 2 countries to have peace?
King George III
Outcomes of the war
all governments had deep debt, Britain made concessions to bring hostilities to and end but still biggest winner, Spain ceded Florida to England, the war eliminated France as a North American power
For what Indians were the French and Indian war a disaster?
Indians between the Mississippi River and the Atlantic
Why did the French and Spanish war help southern tribes?
the Spanish presence in Florida allowed them to play a 3 way balancing act between Britain, France, and Spain
What resulted with the British no that there was no French in Canada?
British governors of Pennsylvania and Virginia had no reason to ask Iroquois consent for anything
Pontiac Rebellion
Ottawa chief Pontiac telling his listeners that if they cleansed themselves from the whites, their land and powers would be restored and started attacking British forts
Who won several battles against the Pontiac Rebellion?
British with leader Jeffery Amherst
How did Pontiac die?
Murdered
Two results of Pontiacs Rebellion?
British distributed smallpox to Indians and Pontaic finally initiated a peace treaty in 1766
Who wanted to restore peace with North America?
British monarch King George III
What happened when George restored peace?
protection for the Delaware and Iroquois tribes from white settlers, proclaiming that no British settlers can settle west of the Appalachian Mountains, Indian rights would be protected
Who took steps to keep Indians safe?
The Greenville administration
Who replaced Jeffery Amherst?
Thomas Gage
Proclamation Line
slowed white settlers into western Pennsylvania
Did British colonists like the Proclamation Line?
No
Paxton Boys
Farmers who tried to get rid of all Indians to stop warfare
What town did Paxton Boys attack?
Delaware Village, killing 6, burning the town, and killing 14 survivors who were in protective custody in Lancaster
What was North Americans mindset after this incident?
began to lump all American Indians in as the enemy race
Who negotiated an end to the Paxton Rebellion?
Ben Franklin
What was doubled after the war?
Britains national debt
Who wanted to keep good ties with Britain
Loyalists
Who were now considered Loyalists because of their views?
African slaves
Who considered the possibility of an American Revolution?
Many different groups
Who were popular advocates that grew up reading John Locke?
Ben Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson
What other people did these advocates read?
Voltaire, Rousseau, Montesquieu
What did these authors teach the advocates?
commitment to liberty and overthrowing an unjust authorities
What happened 100 years before the American Revolution?
British subjects wrote ¨the rights of Englishmen¨ believed they deserve independence
What did the American and French Revolution help with ?
helped lead further revolutionary efforts in Germany, Poland, Scandinavia, and Italy
Toussaint L´Overture
led slaves in the French colony of Saint Domingue
Haiti Revolution
What was the result of L´Overtures revolt
new free Republic of Haiti was created in 1804
Simon Bolivar
led revolutionary movements in Venezuela and helped establish the Republic of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia
Gilbert Tennent
preached a sermon, challenging the leaders of the major Protestant denominations-Presbyterian, Congregational, and Episcopal
Effects of the Great Awakening
Disturbed peace, split churches, and undermined authorities
Example of people holding back Britain before Boston Tea Party
townspeople between 1747 and 1774 drove British officials away from docks and out of Boston 5 times, which has also similarly taken place in New York and the Carolinas
What happened when warships were short of sailors?
Captains had authority to kidnap other sailors for ports and sign them up for naval service
Taxes British officials put on townspeople
Sugar and Currency Acts of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765
Result of new taxes on people
Colonial resistance grew
Who asked the Virginia legislature, the House of Burgesses, to pass resolutions opposing the tax?
Patrick Henry
Sons of Liberty
sent delegates to all the colonies to create an underground resistance to the tax
How many colonies sent delegates to issue a Declaration of Rights and Grievances?
9
Declaration of Rights and Grievances
Parliament had no right to tax the colonies
What else did Sons of Liberty do?
Petitioned to repeal the Sugar and Stamp Acts
New York Stamp Act Riot
merchants agreed not to import any British goods which the Stamp Act was in force
What caused the New York Stamp Act Riots to happen?
Lieutenant Governor Cadwaller Colden placed the stamps in Fort George
What helped repeal the Stamp Act?
Rioters breaking into Major James of the royal Artillery’s home
Declartory Act
claimed its right to tax and regulate the colonies in all cases
Boston Massacre
(story)
angry crowd started too throw snowballs as the British soldiers, leading Captain Thomas Preston to send more soldiers to support the others
As he came over and asked the crowd to disperse, someone threw something, prompting soldiers to start shooting into the crowd, killing 5 men;
Boston Tea Party
angry citizens disguised themselves as Mohawks and dumped all tea from boast into the Boston Harbor
How did the British react to the Boston Tea Party?
British government responding as closing Bostons port which led to a financial crisis
Daughters of Liberty
Women holding boycotts on British goods and creating their own clothing, making themselves a symbol of loyalty
Regulator movement
Farmer created, attacking when gangs of outlaws stole from isolated farms and refusing to pay taxes and attacking officials
How did government reacted to the Regulator movement?
sent in state militia, and with their largest Regulator encounter, 29 killed and 150 wounded
What ethnics split into regions?
Quaker, Pacifists, and Indians
As whites wanted more land,
Indian attacked increased
Quebec Act
assigning all land north and west of the Ohio River to British controlled Province of Quebec
Leader of the rebellion in Massachusetts asked other colonies to join its united action against the British government, sending delegates to Philadelphia for
First Continental Congress
What did most colonies agree with?
Parliament had no right to tax the colonies without consent
What did the colonies decide at the First Continental Congress?
decided that their rights were based on laws of nature and the British constitution with agreement to ban British imports
James Somerset
ran away from where he was enslaved, and was found and brought to judge to see if he would be imprisoned lawfully
What did his white friends say?
he was held against his will, like all slaves
Lord Chief Jutice
ruled that Parliament never legalized slavery and Somerset had to be freed becuase it wsnt moral
What did Lord Chief Jutice do for England?
Ended England slavery
General Thomas Gage
recommended to London to conciliate the colonists
Did colonists obey?
no, Parliament wanted to restore order
After the Battles of Lexington and Concord, British met with the colonists and discovered
that Britain had 273 casualties and the colonists 95
Battle of Bunker Hill
On June 17th, Gage ordered an attack on Breeds Hill, with 226 British dead and 140 militia killed
What happened with American troops after Bunker Hill?
Became stronger
Jeremiah
a free black in Charleston began orgnaizing one of several slave uprisings in the Carolinas in 1775-1776
What happened to Jeremiah?
was found out and burned at the stake
How many slaves joined the British Army?
1000
Effects of slaves joining British army
Hurt Britains economy but loyalty of the slaves granted some freedom
When colonies gathered at the Second Continental Congress, what did they decide?
George Washington would now command the war
How many troops did Washington command?
between 9,000 and 14,000 troops
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense book, which two points shaped public opinion?
monarchy was always a bad way for people to be governed and that the time was right to declare independence
Richard Henry Lee
a delegate offered a motion that all colonies are free and absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown
Who seconded Lee?
John Adams
Who did congress pick to draft a declaration?
Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Roger SHerman, and Robert Livingston
on July 4th,
they adopted a declaration of independence
Articles of Confederation, created
a weak national government which is not the United States of America
What did the colonies declare with the Declaration of Independence?
They were all independent
Minute Men
Mostly farmers that Washington got to join the army
knew how to shoot
American troops attitude
always up to fight, even when ill
How did women support troops?
nursing and supplying food and shelter
Deborah Sampson
Disguised herself as a man and joined the army
found out by a doctor
What type of war did Washington know he would have to fight?
Defensive
Who raised 300,000 dollars for the army?
Sarah Franklin Bache and Esther De Berdt Reed
March 1st, 1776
Washington troops assembled guns on Dorchester Heights and bombarded the city
What was the result of March 1st?
British finally evacuated Boston
