Chapter 22 study guide

Question 1

Who won election in 1928?

Answer 1

Herbert Hoover

Question 2

WHy did Al Smith lose?

Answer 2

could not swing conservatives, the business community, and the South to his side

Question 3

Stock Market Crash of 1929

Answer 3

some warned that stocks were grossly overpriced
Oct. 24 a wave of selling sent prices down—Black Thursday
Oct. 29 prices plummeted and the boom was over—Black Tuesday

Question 4

Causes of the Great Depression

Answer 4

economic imbalances and the chaos of the Great War
Easy Credit/low taxes on the wealthy
Under consumption forced many factories to close and lay off workers

Question 5

What did Hoover do to stop the Great Depression?

Answer 5

Cut taxes—increase consumer spending
Public Works Projects
Lower interest rates
Government loans
Easy loans for farmers
State and local relief
Reconstruction Finance Corporation—lent money to insurance companies, railroads, and banks

Question 6

Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act

Answer 6

Signed by Hoover, raised duties on most manufactured goods—the tariff made it near impossible for Europeans to repay their debts which brought about financial collapse in Europe

Question 7

Bonus Army

Answer 7

WW1 veterans marched on Washington D.C. and demanded their bonuses and Congress refused—2000 refused to leave and Hoover sent in the army with tanks, bayonets, and tear gas to break it up
Blow of Hoover Administration

Question 8

Election of 1932 Democrat nominee:

Answer 8

Franklin Del Roosevelt

Question 9

Election of 1932 Republican nominee:

Answer 9

Hoover

Question 10

Who won?

Answer 10

Roosevelt with his New Deal plan

Question 11

The Hundred Days

Answer 11

the beginning of Roosevelt’s administration that saw a mass amount of legislation passed

Question 12

What did Roosevelt do?

Answer 12

Economy Act—reduced the salaries of federal employees/cut veterans’ benefits
Bank Holiday
Repeal 18th Amendment (21st)
Took off gold standard
FDIC
HOLC (Home Owners Loan Corporation)
Relief/Recovery/Reform

Question 13

he NIRA (National Industrial Recovery Act) was

Answer 13

Considered most controversial new deal act

Question 14

NRA laws

Answer 14

Established the Public Works Administration
Manufactures could draw up “fair business practices”
Workers had minimum wage rights, maximum hours, and the rights of workers to organize and collectively bargain
The act created the National Recovery Administration to supervise and draft business codes

Question 15

What rivaled AFL?

Answer 15

Congress of Industrial Organizations (1938)
(John Lewis)

Question 16

Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)

Answer 16

combined restrictions on production with government subsidies
Many farmers were paid to destroy their crops and livestock

Question 17

The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

Answer 17

broad experiment in social planning for Roosevelt –expanding hydroelectric plants, production of cheap fertilizers, soil conservation, reforestation, and industrialization
created broad authorization to build dams, power plants, transmission lines and to sell fertilizers and electricity to individuals and communities

Question 17

How many people were still unemployed in 1934?

Answer 17

9 million people

Question 18

What did Congress do?

Answer 18

passed the FERA (Federal Emergency Relief Administration) which gave millions for relief

Question 19

Congress passed the CWA (Civil Works Administration) which

Answer 19

put millions of people to work

Question 20

WPA (Works Progress Administration) put

Answer 20

millions of Americans to work (artists, writers, actors, stadiums, and roads)

Question 21

Huey Long

Answer 21

“King Fish”
He wanted every man to be a King and he wanted the New Deal to go further and help everyone
Long began the “Share Our Wealth” movement which called for steep taxes on the wealthy and the redistribution of that wealth among the poor

Question 22

Father Coughlin

Answer 22

Critic of the New Deal/Radio Program
He was a Catholic priest who disliked New Deal financial policies—he thought inflating the money supply would solve the problems of the economy

Question 23

Dr. Francis Townsend

Answer 23

Critic of the New Deal
He wanted old age pensions where people 60 and over that did not have a job would get $200 a month that must be spent in 30 days

Question 24

Schechter Poultry v. United States (1935)

Answer 24

declared the National Industrial Recovery Act unconstitutional—Congress delegated too much legislative power to the code authorities
Set back for New Deal

Question 25

why was there a Second New Deal

Answer 25

Existing New Deal laws hit a dead end and people still needed help

Question 26

National Labor Relations Act or Wagner Act

Answer 26

restored labor guarantees wiped out by the Schechter decision and it legitimized labor unions

Question 27

Social Security Act—

Answer 27

Old Age Insurance paid by workers and employers

Question 28

REA

Answer 28

(Rural Electrification Administration)—brought electricity to rural areas

Question 29

Wealth Tax Act—

Answer 29

more taxes on the wealthy

Question 30

Packing the Court

Answer 30

Roosevelt wanted this with more justices to prevent New Deal laws from being declared unconstitutional
Roosevelt wrongly thought the Democratic Congress and public would support this action
However, the opposition to “court packing” was vocal and influential
Roosevelt was forced to yield his plan and his reputation never fully recovered from his plan

Question 31

Frances Perkins was the

Answer 31

first woman appointed to a cabinet position—Secretary of Labor

Question 32

“My Day”

Answer 32

Eleanor was concerned with civil rights and wrote a newspaper column

Question 33

Native American New Deal

Answer 33

1924 Congress finally granted full citizenship to Native Americans
Roosevelt named John Collier commissioner of Indian Affairs who wanted to help Indians and revive tribal government

Question 34

The Indian Reorganization Act

Answer 34

did away with the Dawes Act and allowed Indians to establish tribal governments that functioned like cities

Question 35

Neutrality Act of 1935 and 1936

Answer 35

prevented weapon sales and loans to “belligerents”

Question 36

Ludlow Amendment was

Answer 36

narrowly defeated in the House which would have prohibited Congress from declaring war without prior approval of the nation’s voters

Question 37

Following Hitler’s attack on Poland, France and England declared war and Roosevelt asked Congress to repeal the arms embargo

Answer 37

Cash and Carry Policy

Question 38

The American navy was helping the

Answer 38

British navy in the Atlantic

Question 39

Hoover-Stimson Doctrine

Answer 39

US would not recognize any territorial acquisitions that were achieved by force.

Question 40

FDRs Good Neighbor Policy

Answer 40

Important to have all nations in the Western Hemisphere united in lieu of foreign aggressions.