Chapter 21 Flashcards
Result of WW1
Communists seized control of Russia
Reaction to communists
some Americans liked it, but many more feared it and wondered whether there might be links between America’s homegrown radicals and Russia.
How did Americans try to gain back money they lost from WW1?
In January 1919, 35,000 shipyard workers went on strike in Seattle, Washington, and a month later, 60,000 workers in other industries joined
them. The week-long Seattle General Strike, when virtually no one in the city went to
work, stands as the largest citywide strike in U.S. history.
WHat began in 1918?
Spanish Flu, killed half a million americans in 1919
Why did people think Communism was coming to America?
Communism seemed to be spread-ing with a revolt in Hungary and uprisings in the old capitals of Vienna and Berlin. Seattle Mayor Ole Hanson toured the country pro-claiming that he had put down a Bolshevik uprising in his city.
What did Senate order?
ordered an investigation
of Russian Bolshevik influence in the United States, weak evidence came back
How did the government respond with this uproar?
The Wilson administration not only asked Congress to extend the war-time Lever Fuel
Act that had prohibited the obstruction of coal distribution during the war but also
asked for a peace-time sedition law to continue some of the wartime restrictions on
civil liberties.
Palmer Raids
A series of raids by U.S. government agents in
1919 and 1920 to find, arrest, and sometimes
deport people considered to be dangerous
radicals.
WHat line did most deportees leave on?
Buford
were the people in the raids smart?
not really, they only suspected people, they didnt have solid evidence
WHat happened in the city of chicago 1919?
While nearly 5,000 public employees—from garbage collectors and street
sweepers to city hall clerks—were on strike, someone put up signs in Chicago’s black
community that said, “We will get you July 4.”
How did people think about this?
The uprising of communist and african americans merged
Red SUmmer
1919, summer where there was divide between balcks and whites, blacks wer lynched
Harding’s normalcy
A word coined by Warren G. Harding while
he was the 1920 Republican presidential
candidate to convey what he thought the
country wanted—a new kind of “normal” free
from war, international entanglements, and
reform efforts
Was anything normal about the era?
no, especially in terms of a national law that banned alcohol, or in
terms of the changing roles of women or the new technologies that changed the
culture
Who was the primary voice of prohibition?
Womens Christian Temperance Union
Anti-Saloon League
Prohibitionists, supported “dry” (sup-porting prohibition) candidates of any party and attacked any politician it considered either “wet” (opposing prohibition) or insufficiently dry, John rockefeller supported it
Charles Stelzle
Knew that Saloons
were often where ethnic groups could maintain language and tradition, people thought of it as freedom
How did immigrants feel about prohibition?
many recent immigrants experienced
prohibition as an attack on their cultures and some of prohibition’s strongest advocates did little to discourage such an assumption.
In December 1917, Congress—with intensive lobbying by the Anti-Saloon
League—
passed the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibiting the
manufacture, transport, and sale of liquor
Volstead Act, sponsored by Minnesota Representative Andrew J.
Volstead,
banning not only hard liquor but also wine and beer—anything with more than
½ of 1 percent alcohol. Violating the law carried as much as a $1,000 fine.
The Colosimo murder
Chicago gangster known
as “Big Jim” Colosimo owned saloons and brothels across the city. Colosimo’s nephew and business manager, JohnnyTorrio, had moved from Brooklyn to Chicago to work for him in 1909, and both men had become millionaires. One day, Torrio asked Colosimo to meet a load of whiskey that Torrio was having delivered to one of their cafés. Colosimo showed up on schedule and, as he walked through the dining room, someone emerged from the cloakroom and shot him. Colosimo died instantly. While no evidence was
ever found that Torrio or his new bodyguard from Brooklyn, Al Capone, was involved
in the murder, Torrio—aided by Capone—quickly took control of the liquor business in Chicago
AL Capone
By 1929, Capone had consolidated his control of illegal liquor in Chicago. He also controlled much of the police force, the elected political leadership, and the courts of Chicago and had his own squad of gunmen and rumrunners to bring illegal alcohol to the city
WHat president had Capone arrested?
Herbert Hoover
the government set aside three large oil reserves-
two in California at Elk Hills and Buena Vista and one in Wyoming at Teapot Dome
Who helped transfer the oil reserves from the Navy Department to the Interior?
William Harding
WHat happned when Japans Navy needed oil?
Fall secretly leased the reserves to oil companies owned by his friends Harry F. Sinclair and Edward Doheny for very low rates. The two pumped oil from the reserves, paying a royalty, in oil, to the Navy. The Navy got
the oil it needed in Hawaii. Sinclair and Doheny made a considerable profit.
Why was this bad?
Sincalir and Doheney was stealing money,
Teapot Dome
The name given to a major scandal of the
Harding presidency in which U.S. Navy oil
reserves, including those at Teapot Dome,
Wyoming, were used to enrich the secretary
of the interior and his friend
WHat did the Supreme Court deam this as?
declared both leases “illegal and fraudulent,”
Other Harding scandals
Harding’s appointee as head of the Veterans’ Bureau, Charles R. Forbes, managed to lose some $200 million in 2 years, buying new goods at a high price from friends and selling goods on hand as cheap surplus.
Carrie Chapman Catt’s
active member of both the Women’s Christian
Temperance Union and the National American Woman Suffrage Association. The organizations provided a network for her to meet other women, and those connections would determine the rest of her career. Catt served two terms as president of the
NAWSA from 1900 to 1904 and again during the crucial years from 1915 to 1920.
