Chapter 26 Flashcards
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) .
SDS represented a new birth of activism on the part of white young
people just as the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) had
given voice to the activism of African-American students
Why did college enrollments reach a high?
GI Bill
When colleges like Berkeley found out about student organizations, what did they say?
the Berkeley administration
issued a directive that student organizations that were raising funds for of -campus
causes such as civil rights using tables set up on the university grounds had to move
those ef orts of campus
how did students feel about this?
Opposition to the directive quickly united students. When
petitions and meetings with the university administration did not resolve the issue, a
group of students, some of whom had spent the previous summer in the South as part
of Mississippi Freedom Summer, called for civil disobedience in Berkeley.
Committee on Equal Employment
Opportunities
headed by Vice President Johnson to look into discrimination in hiring. Th ey hired blacks in the federal government, including some in high positions in the civil and foreign service
Why was Kennedy slow to move on civil rights ?
southern Senators with high seniority made congressional action hard to imagine. T e Kennedys were also good at gauging voter interest, and in 1961 and 1962, not that many white voters seemed interested in civil rights issues.
New Frontier
The name given to the domestic programs of
the Kennedy administration
Policies of New Frontier
increase in the federally mandated minimum wage. At their urging, Congress also provided funds for job training and tougher regulations
for testing new drugs before they went on the market. he appointed Eleanor Roosevelt to head the Presidential Commission on the Status of Women that recom-mended federal laws against sex discrimination. Kennedy issued executive orders ending sex discrimination in the federal civil service and signed an 1963 Equal Pay
Act that mandated equal pay for equal work.
Congress passed the
Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Act in 1963 that
funded support for mental health programs. part because of his mentally ill sister,
Kennedy cared deeply about mental health and, at his urging
Why did Kennedy stay out of religion?
As the first Catholic to be elected president, he wanted to steer clear of anything that might
imply his religion was influencing his work.
Engel v. Vitale
U.S. Supreme Court decision that banned
mandated prayers or devotional Bible reading in American public schools..
Who challenged the prayr said in school?
Lawrence Roth, challenged the
prayer in court. His kids were being taunted. As the case was combined with others and moved through the courts, it generated public attention and anger.
Abington School Board v. Schempp ,
the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that, no matter who com-posed the prayers, the school board’s practices or any devotional reading of scriptures or recitation of prayers was unconstitutional.
How was the Cuban-American relationship quickly soured?
The new revolutionary
government executed a number of Batista supporters—too many, most Americans
thought. As part of its land reform efforts, the Castro government seized the island’s
large commercial enterprises, including vast holdings of American sugar and oil companies. Unhappy business interests—legitimate and illegitimate—began a public relations campaign against the new Cuban government. many considered Cuba to be a virtual satellite of the Soviet Union.
Bay of Pigs
A 1961 invasion of Cuba by anti-Castro rebels
backed by the Kennedy administration that
was quickly defeated, much to Kennedy’s
embarrassment.
Berlin Wall
A substantive partition built by East
Germany on instructions from the Soviet
Union that cut off all travel between East
and West Berlin from 1961 to 1989.
How did US deal witht he Berlin Wall?
U.S. and Russian tanks faced of in Berlin. Some wondered whether World War III was about to begin. Eventually, the United States and the Soviet Union compromised. Kennedy acknowledged that he would “rather have a wall than a war,” and that the Soviets had a right to build the Berlin Wall. Khrushchev did not try to close of American or western access to Berlin as Stalin had done
Cuban missile crisis
A tense standoff between the United
States and the Soviet Union in October
1962 at which each country stood on the
brink of nuclear war over the placement of
Soviet missiles in Cuba.
Who was in charge of these tense 13 days ith Kennedy?
an “Executive Committee” of the
National Security Council.
What did Kennedy say to the SOviets about the crisis?
the United States would
enforce a complete “quarantine” against future military shipments to Cuba and that
the United States would meet any Soviet retaliation anywhere in the world with a “full
retaliatory response.”
Kennedy and Khrushchev had come to an agreement.
The Soviets agreed to remove the missiles in return for an end to the quarantine of the
island and a promise that the United States would not invade. The United States
also agreed to remove its missiles from Turkey but did not announce its decision.
Green Berets
The administration created a new “flexible response” policy as an alternative to
Eisenhower’s “mutually assured destruction.” They gave high priority to creating
“counterinsurgency” forces, that could engage in small-scale military operations in hot spots around the world.
