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Chapter 19 Flashcards

1
Q

Woodrow Wilson’s 1912 program

A

for government intervention in the economy to restore competition by curtailing the business monopolies, thereby providing opportunities for individual achievement

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2
Q

Louis D. Brandies

A

first Jew to serve in supreme court

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3
Q

Spoke

A

Directly to Congress

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4
Q

Wilson got a new tariff

A

reduced the tax on goods imported into the
United States by at least 10 percent across the board. The new law also used the power given in the new Sixteenth Amendment to introduce the first federal income tax since the Civil War, starting at 1 percent on incomes above $4,000

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5
Q

Women’s Christian Temperance Union

A

National organization formed after the Civil War dedicated to prohibiting the sale and distribution of alcohol.

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6
Q

many Protestant ministers

A

began to oppose excessive drinking, and some
Protestants took a strong stand against liquor

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7
Q

The Panic of 1873 led a group of

A

Midwestern women to start a new temperance movement. Many women seemed to reach the same conclusion at about the same time: liquor was consuming their husbands’ wages while leading the men to arrive home drunk and ready to abuse wives and children

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8
Q

Frances E. Willard

A

was second president and had major impact, holding 200,000 members of WCTU after her death

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9
Q

Sherman Antitrust Act:

A

sought to promote economic competition by prohibiting business combinations in restraint of trade or commerce.

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10
Q

Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act:

A

reformed the spoils system
by prohibiting government workers from making political contributions and by creating
the Civil Service Commission to oversee their appointment on the basis of merit rather than politics.

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11
Q

He also passed laws and held movements that protected

A

nature by creating national parks to ensure private hands never touched the beautiful outdoors

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12
Q

Progressives

A

didnt have a single objectiv or spring from a single source

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13
Q

Progressives had roots in

A

the effort to regulate and control business

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14
Q

Who helped bring reform movements into focus

A

agressive journalists

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15
Q

Who attacked Standard Oil?

A

Ida Tarbell

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16
Q

Lincol Steffens

A

attacked political machines

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17
Q

Progressives believed

A

the weaker needed to be protected fro stronger segments of society. They were also anti immigrant and did very little for african americans

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18
Q

Progressives were

A

paternal and moderate

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19
Q

Progressive states

A

Wisconsin and New jersey

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20
Q

Some people pursued more radical views in dealing with the current situation—

A

socialism

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21
Q

Eugene Debs, William “Big Bill” Haywood, Mary Harris (“Mother Jones”) and Daniel Deleon organized a new union

A

The IWW—Industrial Workers of the World

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22
Q

The IWW was

A

anti-capitalist and involved in violence

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23
Q

Some cities used

A

“home rule” charters and the City-Manager system

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24
Q

Many cities created

A

“gas and water” socialism, a minimum wage for employees, and sponsored public works projects

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25
Robert La Follette
”Fighting Bob”
26
He served as ______and established a reputation as
a Republican congressmen, a foe of corruption
27
He also served as Governor
Wisconsin and obtained a direct primary system for nominating candidates, a corrupt practices act, and laws limiting campaign expenditures and lobbying activities
28
He utilized
academics and law libraries to help draft bills
29
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory inspired
laws protecting against job accidents
30
The Supreme Court believed the government did not have
rights to deny labor agreements
31
New Jersey (Woodrow Wilson) passed laws regulating
rails, gas, electric, telephone, food inspection laws, and laws controlling corporations
32
Muller v. Oregon
An Oregon law was challenged limiting laundry workers to a ten hour work day
33
WHo defended the law and what was their motto?
Florence Kelley and the Consumers’ League “Investigate, agitate, legislate”
34
What did Louis Brandeis argue?
the case using non legal evidence that impressed the justices and the court upheld the law (sociology and psychology)
35
“Brandies Brief” technique
used to achieve legislation for women, children, and workers of dangerous tasks
36
Good teaching called for
professional training, psychological insight, enthusiasm, and imagination
37
Many people were pushing for a kind of education that would help children survive by
adapting to the demands of their environment
38
The Womans Suffrage Movement split into two groups
American Woman’s Suffrage Movement (AWSA) focused on the vote National Woman’s Suffrage Association (NWSA) focused on issues important to women
39
1890 the two groups combined to form the
National American Woman’s Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
40
Some Women Suffrages
Stanton/Anthony/Catt/Alice Paul
41
First state to be formed and effected by NAWSA
Wyoming
42
19th AMendement
Ratifed in 1920 allowing women to vote
43
Social Gospel Movement
Civil Service Reform, Child Labor Legislation, Regulation of Corporations, and Income Tax
44
What did churchs preach?
responsibility and accountability concerning one’s salvation, a better life in the next world which worked for some poor city dwellers
45
Who didnt like the churchs changes?
poor people
46
Dwight Moody, a lay Evangelist, looked to
actively improve the condition of the poor by preaching for people to abandon their sinful ways
47
Washington Gladden was the most influential of the
“Social Gospel” preachers who favored factory inspection laws, strict regulation of public utilities, and other reforms
48
Charles Sheldon’s novel In His Steps examined what society would be like
if people asked the question—What would Jesus Do?
49
Settlement House—
community centers located in poor areas that provided guidance and services to all that would use them
50
Lillian Wald, a settlement worker, agitated for
tenement house laws, regulation of labor of women and children, and better schools
51
Jane Addams and Hull House was probably the
most famous settlement house
52
Rutherford B Hayes
Republican, He served in the Civil War , Congress, and Governor of Ohio
53
What did Hayes play down
the tariff issue and he was conservative on the money issue (resumed gold payments and vetoed bills expanding currency) He complained about the South’s failure to treat
54
He complained about the
South’s failure to treat Blacks decently, but he took no action
55
He worked for civil service reform,
but achieved little meaningful legislation
56
James Garfield
Republican, 1880-1881
57
He wanted to improve government efficiency,
but failed to achieve any meaningful civil service reform
58
Republicans were split:
Stalwarts—Led by NY Senator Roscoe Conkling believed in the spoils system Half-Breeds—did not disagree with the spoils system, but looked to do it more discreetly
59
How was Garfield chosen
as a compromise candidate and he did stand up to Conkling by the investigation of a post office scandal and appointing a half-breed to conduct the investigation
60
How did the Stalwards feel about Garfield exposing Conkling
furious with Garfield and an unbalanced Stalwart lawyer assassinated Garfield—Charles Guiteau
61
CHester Arthur
Republican , 1881-1884
62
He was a strong supporter
of the spoils system
63
paid “lip service” to
civil service reform
64
Passed the Pendleton Act classifying
about 10 percent of all government jobs and creating the bipartisan Civil Service Commission to administer exams
65
He was a political failure—
the Stalwarts would not forgive him and reformers could not forget his past
66
Grover Cleveland
(1884-1888) (1892-1896)—Democrat
67
He served as ________and governor of ____
Buffalo Ny and NY
68
The Democrats nominated him because he seemed
to be a man of principle and who was courageous
69
During the campaign it was discovered that he
fathered an illegitimate child as a bachelor
70
Cleveland won a close election from Blaine due to the help from
the Mugwumps (eastern Republicans who campaigned for the Democrats/Election of ’84 independent Republicans supporting civil service reform voted for Cleveland)
71
Benjamin Harrison
(1888-1892)—Republican
72
He favored
a protective tariff and limited civil service reform
73
Harrison appointed
Roosevelt to the Civil Service Commission and Teddy was committed to reform but was continually frustrated by Harrison
74
Harrison failed to provide
effective leadership
75
The Republicans lost control over
Congress and Cleveland came back into power
76
(Bland-Allison and Sherman Silver Purchase Acts)
77
Who had advantage in the election of 1896?
Republicans
78
Who were the 2 nominees?
McKinley and Bryan
79
WHp had more war experience?
McKinley
80
Even though newspapers were more Democratic, wh did they favor?
McKinley
81
How did Bryan respond to this?
unprecedented speaking tour of U.S.—”Cross of Gold Speech”
82
Who was McKinley assasinated by?
Leon Czolgosz at the Pan-American Exposition
83
Who became president after McKinley?
Teddy Roosevelt
84
Roosevelt accomplishments before Presidency
Harvard Graduate Studied law at Columbia Assemblyman Civil Service Commissioner Police Commissioner Rancher Spanish-American War Historian/Writer
85
Why was Roosevelt considered a trustbuster?
he looked to break up bad trusts and regulate the good ones
86
What did Roosevelt order the Justice Department to do?
to bring suit against the Northern Securities, they broke up the Northern Securities and Roosevelt went after the Oil Trust, Meat Packers, and Tobacco Company
87
What company refused to compromise with Roosevelt
Standard Oil
88
What company workers and company owned by railroads went on strike and who led it?
The United Mine Workers (UMW) led by John Mitchell went on strike at Anthracite Mines
89
How did a compromise go for them?
deal was struck which allowed the matter to be decided by a Roosevelt appointed commission which gave the miners a 10% raise and a nine hour work day
90
Hepburn Act
Gave the ICC the power to inspect the books of railroad companies, set maximum rates, and control other firms engaged in transportation
91
Roosevelt’s crowning achievement was
conservation of natural resources—he placed 150 million acres of land in federal reserves
92
WHo did Roosevelt pick to success him and who did he beat out for president?
William Howard Taft, beat Bryan in 1908
93
How was Taft as a nominee?
Taft did not have the stamina or aggressiveness to deal with politics and refused to take Presidential liberties which undermined the effectiveness of Progressive reforms
94
What conflicts did Taft face?
conservationists, tariff reformers, and other progressives (Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy)
95
Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy
96
What happened after the controversy?
Roosevelt and Taft split—Taft went to the Old Guard side of the party, while Roosevelt backed the Progressives
97
What did Roosevelt declare after this incident?
he would run for election in 1912 and he ran under the Progressive Bull Moose Party
98
Democratic Party of election of 1912
Wilson- New Freedom

APUSH (51 decks)

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