Chapter 87 - Angular limb deformitites Flashcards
What is a conformation deviation of the limb in the FRONTAL plane?
is defined as angular limb deformity (ALD)
angular deformities can be classified in 2 types accodringly to the etiology
acquired
perinatal
A lateral deviation of the limb distal to the point of origin is referred to as
valgus deformity
Is each lateral or medial deviation associated with a certain degree of axial rotation?
yeas each deviaty is associated with axial rotation
In foals with valgus deformities, this is displayed as an
outward rotation called
splay foot
when a medial deviation occurs is named
varus deformity
In foals with cases of varus deformities,
as an inward rotation of the feet caleed
pigeon toed
Diagnosis of angluar deformity is made with (4 things)
static exam
dynamic exam
palpation
radiography
Foals with a toed-out posture, with
or without ALD, therefore are evaluated from a ____________________(1w) position
craniolateral position
It is very important that
the toe be aligned in the same direction as the _________________(1)
It is very important that
the toe be aligned in the same direction as the carpus/tarsus. Postpone surgery
if the carpus points outward but the toes point straight
forward, a __________(1w) deformity of the distal limb is present (see
Figure 87-1, B)
if the carpus points outward but the toes point straight
forward, a varus deformity of the distal limb is present (see
Figure 87-1, B). Surgery is indicated
Figure 87-1. (A) A valgus deformity of the carpal region is evaluated perpendicular to the frontal plane
of the outward-rotated carpus. If the toe points in the same direction, the entire limb is rotated out and
surgery can possibly be postponed. (B) If the carpus points outward and the toe points forward, surgical
intervention is indicated to prevent the development of a fetlock varus deformity.
Figure 87-2. Manual pressure to the medial aspect of the carpal region of a foal suffering from valgus deformity corrects the deformity temporarily, indicating that the ALD is caused either by incomplete ossification of the cuboidal carpal bones or periarticular laxity and conservative treatment is possible. Counterpressure is applied to the metacarpophalangeal region of the same limb.
pigeon-toed foals frequently rotate their ________________joints outward while advancing the limb
pigeon-toed foals frequently rotate their metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal (MCP/MTP) joints outward while advancing the limb
The only diagnostic aid that allows determination of the exact location and provides objective evaluation of the degree of the deformity is
radiography
In the hind limbs, dorsoplantar views are less helpful because the ______and the ___________ bone are not in alignment (an angle of 5–7 degrees is recognized as normal).
In the hind limbs, dorsoplantar views are less helpful because the tibia and the third metatarsal bone (MTIII) are not in alignment (an angle of 5–7 degrees is recognized as normal).
during radiography the foal should stand
foal should stand “square.”
____________ (1w) views are the most important in the forelimbs. Here lateromedial views should additionally be obtained.
Dorsopalmar views are the most important in the forelimbs. In the hind limbs, dorsoplantar views are less helpful because the tibia and the third metatarsal bone (MTIII) are not in alignment (an angle of 5–7 degrees is recognized as normal). Here lateromedial views should additionally be obtained.
The radiographs should be taken at a right angle relative to the ________plane of the carpus and the __________plane of the tarsus.
The radiographs should be taken at a right angle relative to the _frontal plane of the carpus and the _sagittal plane of the tarsus.
The third metacarpal/metatarsal (MCIII/MTIII) and phalangeal region should be aligned in ____plane for the radiographs, allowing interpretation of the articular orientation and differentiation of deformities.
The third metacarpal/metatarsal (MCIII/MTIII) and phalangeal region should be aligned in one plane for the radiographs, allowing interpretation of the articular orientation and differentiation of deformities.
Two lines are drawn through the axis of the long bones and the bisection of the lines (also known as the _________ represents the origin of the deformity
Two lines are drawn through the axis of the long bones and the bisection of the lines (also known as the pivot point) represents the origin of the deformity.
the pivot point helps determinate whether the deviation originates in the _____or at the ________
it can be determined whether the deviation originates in the joint or at the physis.
What are the main places that ALD occur?
- cuboidal bones of the carpus or tarsus,
- in the epiphyseal region of the long bones (epiphyses, physes, and metaphyses),
- diaphyses of the long bones
- +++ frequently disproportionate growth at the level of the metaphyseal growth plates.
At what time the bones of carpus and tarsus are visible in radiography?
at 300 days