Chapter 11 - Surgical instruments Flashcards
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2
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4
Q
What is the primary material of choice for most high-quality surgical instruments?
A) Aluminum B) High-carbon stainless steel C) Titanium D) Plastic
A
B) High-carbon stainless steel
5
Q
What is a significant advantage of tungsten carbide (TC) inserts in surgical instruments?
A) They are cheaper than stainless steel B) They are lighter than stainless steel C) They are harder and more wear-resistant D) They are easier to replace
A
C) They are harder and more wear-resistant
6
Q
What does the process of passivation accomplish in instrument manufacturing?
A) Increases the weight of the instrument B) Creates a superficial layer of chromium oxide C) Enhances the color of the instruments D) Dulls the cutting edge
A
B) Creates a superficial layer of chromium oxide
7
Q
Which blade is most commonly used with the No. 3 scalpel handle?
A) No. 11 blade B) No. 15 blade C) No. 10 blade D) No. 4 blade
A
C) No. 10 blade
8
Q
What type of scissors should be used for dense connective tissue?
A) Metzenbaum scissors B) Suture scissors C) Mayo scissors D) Wire-cutting scissors
A
C) Mayo scissors
9
Q
Which material is mentioned as a potential problem area due to loosening?
A) Titanium B) Tungsten carbide inserts C) High-carbon stainless steel D) Plastic coatings
A
B) Tungsten carbide inserts
10
Q
What characteristic of titanium alloys complicates their manufacturing?
A) High weight B) Brittleness C) Flexibility D) Low cost
A
B) Brittleness
11
Q
What surface finish reduces glare on surgical instruments?
A) High gloss B) Dull satin finish C) Polished finish D) Gold electroplating
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B) Dull satin finish
12
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Which type of scissors is specifically designed for wire suture removal?
A) Mayo scissors B) Suture-removal scissors C) Wire-cutting scissors D) Bandage scissors
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C) Wire-cutting scissors
13
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What is a benefit of using disposable blades on scalpels?
A) They are reusable B) They are always dull C) They are consistently sharp D) They come in multiple colors
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C) They are consistently sharp
14
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Which handle designates standard-quality instruments in Sontec Instruments?
A) Gold handles B) Black anodized handles C) Plain handles D) Gold handles with stripes
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C) Plain handles
15
Q
For which procedure is the No. 12 blade commonly used?
A) Stab incisions B) Periosteal stripping C) Suturing D) Debulking
A
B) Periosteal stripping
16
Q
Which of the following is true regarding disposable scalpels?
A) They can be sterilized and reused B) They have detachable blades C) They are often used for bandage removal D) They are heavier than reusable scalpels
A
C) They are often used for bandage removal
17
Q
What type of cutting edge is typically found on Metzenbaum scissors?
A) Serrated B) Plain C) Curved D) Blunt
A
B) Plain
18
Q
What is the primary disadvantage of a reusable scalpel with a fixed blade?
A) It cannot be sterilized B) The blade can detach during use C) It is not suitable for deep tissue work D) It can dull quickly
A
B) The blade can detach during use
19
Q
Which finish on surgical instruments is specifically recognized as a symbol of high quality?
A) Polished finish B) Dull satin finish C) Gold electroplating D) Anodized finish
A
C) Gold electroplating
20
Q
Why is it important to follow manufacturers’ recommendations for cleaning titanium instruments?
A) To maintain the aesthetic quality B) To avoid corrosion and damage C) To enhance the cutting edge D) To make them lighter
A
B) To avoid corrosion and damage
21
Q
What type of tip do Lister bandage scissors have?
A) Sharp-sharp B) Blunt-blunt C) Blunt tip on the lower blade D) Serrated
A
C) Blunt tip on the lower blade
22
Q
What type of scissors is designed for sharp or blunt dissection of delicate tissues?
A) Wire-cutting scissors B) Mayo scissors C) Metzenbaum scissors D) Utility scissors
A
C) Metzenbaum scissors
23
Q
How does titanium nitride coating benefit surgical instruments?
A) Reduces cost B) Increases weight C) Increases resistance to corrosion and wear D) Increases the blade thickness
A
C) Increases resistance to corrosion and wear
24
Q
What happens to the chromium oxide layer on stainless steel instruments as they age?
A) It deteriorates B) It becomes thinner C) It becomes thicker D) It changes color
A
C) It becomes thicker
25
What type of finish helps reduce laser reflection on surgical instruments?
A) Polished finish
B) Gold electroplating
C) Black polymer coating
D) Satin finish
C) Black polymer coating
26
What is the primary purpose of suture scissors?
A) To cut dense tissue
B) To cut sutures specifically
C) To dissect soft tissues
D) To remove bandages
B) To cut sutures specifically
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What is the disadvantage of using a left-handed grip on standard scissors?
A) Increased cost
B) Increased precision
C) Decreased shear and torque
D) Increased safety
C) Decreased shear and torque
28
Which blade is used for stab incisions during arthroscopic surgery?
A) No. 12 blade
B) No. 10 blade
C) No. 15 blade
D) No. 11 blade
D) No. 11 blade
29
What is a significant risk when using detachable blades in surgery?
A) They are too sharp
B) They may detach and be lost
C) They cannot be replaced
D) They are too expensive
B) They may detach and be lost
30
Which instrument is best suited for cutting sutures during surgery?
A) Mayo scissors
B) Metzenbaum scissors
C) Suture scissors
D) Wire-cutting scissors
C) Suture scissors
31
What color handles indicate the sharpest cutting edges available in Sontec Instruments?
A) Plain
B) Gold with a stripe
C) Black anodized
D) Gold
B) Gold with a stripe
32
What type of edge is common on surgical scissors for delicate tissue dissection?
A) Serrated edge
B) Blunt edge
C) Sharp edge
D) Double edge
C) Sharp edge
33
Which type of surgical instrument is used for cutting dense connective tissue?
A) Metzenbaum scissors
B) Suture scissors
C) Mayo scissors
D) Bandage scissors
C) Mayo scissors
34
What should be avoided when using a detachable blade scalpel in deep tissue?
A) Using a dull blade
B) Using it in joints
C) Using a scalpel with a fixed blade
D) Using multiple blades
B) Using it in joints
35
What does a high carbon content in stainless steel affect?
A) Weight of the instrument
B) Elasticity and rigidity
C) Color of the instrument
D) Cost of production
B) Elasticity and rigidity
36
Which type of scissors is used for bandage removal without damaging the skin?
A) Mayo scissors
B) Suture scissors
C) Lister scissors
D) Wire-cutting scissors
C) Lister scissors
37
What is the main function of the Olsen-Hegar needle holders?
A) To cut sutures
B) To hold needles securely
C) To dissect tissues
D) To remove bandages
A) To cut sutures
38
Which type of finish helps increase resistance to corrosion on surgical instruments?
A) Polished finish
B) Titanium nitride coating
C) Gold electroplating
D) Satin finish
B) Titanium nitride coating
39
Which instrument handle is used for larger blades, such as No. 22 to 24?
A) No. 3 handle
B) No. 4 handle
C) No. 10 handle
D) No. 12 handle
B) No. 4 handle
40
What type of instruments can be classified as disposable yet reusable?
A) Stainless steel scalpels
B) Tungsten carbide instruments
C) Some human surgical instruments
D) Titanium instruments
C) Some human surgical instruments
41
Which type of scissors is specifically marked for suture cutting during surgery?
A) Mayo scissors
B) Metzenbaum scissors
C) Suture scissors
D) Utility scissors
C) Suture scissors
42
What is a primary benefit of using titanium alloys for microsurgery?
A) High weight
B) Excellent corrosion resistance
C) Inexpensive
D) Ease of manufacturing
B) Excellent corrosion resistance
43
What kind of surgical instruments typically use a black polymer coating?
A) Suture scissors
B) Instruments used in laser procedures
C) Reusable scalpels
D) Mayo scissors
B) Instruments used in laser procedures
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Which needle holder allows the surgeon to both grasp and cut suture material?
A) Mayo-Hegar
B) Olsen-Hegar
C) Mathieu
D) Adson
B) Olsen-Hegar
47
What is a primary disadvantage of the Olsen-Hegar needle holder?
A) It is too expensive.
B) It cannot hold larger needles.
C) It may inadvertently cut the suture material.
D) It is difficult to clean.
C) It may inadvertently cut the suture material.
48
What design feature helps the Mayo-Hegar needle holder grip curved needles?
A) Longitudinal groove
B) Crosshatched surfaces
C) Pyramidal teeth
D) Smooth tips
B) Crosshatched surfaces
49
Which needle holder is popular in equine surgery and lacks finger holes?
A) Olsen-Hegar
B) Mayo-Hegar
C) Mathieu
D) Brown-Adson
C) Mathieu
50
What design element can extend the life of a needle holder?
A) Wider jaws
B) Tungsten carbide inserts
C) Longitudinal grooves
D) Light weight
B) Tungsten carbide inserts
51
Which type of thumb forceps is designed to minimize tissue trauma?
A) Smooth-tipped forceps
B) Rat tooth forceps
C) Adson forceps
D) Tissue forceps
C) Adson forceps
52
What feature distinguishes traumatic thumb forceps from surgical thumb forceps?
A) Length of the blades
B) Presence of serrations or teeth
C) Type of material used
D) Weight of the instrument
B) Presence of serrations or teeth
53
Which hemostatic forceps are the smallest and most frequently used?
A) Kelly forceps
B) Crile forceps
C) Halstead mosquito forceps
D) Rochester-Pean forceps
C) Halstead mosquito forceps
54
The transverse grooves on the inner jaw surface of hemostatic forceps help to:
A) Increase weight
B) Facilitate hemostasis
C) Enhance purchase on tissue
D) Reduce cost
C) Enhance purchase on tissue
55
What is a defining feature of Rochester-Carmalt forceps?
A) Longitudinal grooves with cross-striations
B) Transverse grooves only on the distal half
C) Atraumatic design for delicate tissues
D) Lightweight construction
A) Longitudinal grooves with cross-striations
56
What type of forceps is least traumatic to tissues?
A) Allis tissue forceps
B) Babcock tissue forceps
C) Doyen-DeBakey intestinal forceps
D) Kocher forceps
C) Doyen-DeBakey intestinal forceps
57
What is the main use of sponge forceps?
A) Cutting sutures
B) Grasping and swabbing tissues
C) Clamping vessels
D) Holding needles
B) Grasping and swabbing tissues
58
How can one identify traumatic thumb forceps?
A) They have smooth tips.
B) They have serrated tips.
C) They are designed for suturing.
D) They are lightweight.
A) They have smooth tips.
59
What happens to a needle holder if it is used with a needle that is too large?
A) It improves instrument life.
B) The lock box may be damaged.
C) It performs better.
D) It becomes easier to use.
B) The lock box may be damaged.
60
Which forceps design features a broad tip with a grooved perimeter?
A) Russian forceps
B) Adson forceps
C) Brown-Adson forceps
D) DeBakey forceps
A) Russian forceps
61
What is a common length for Kelly and Crile forceps?
A) 9 cm
B) 14 cm
C) 20 cm
D) 30 cm
B) 14 cm
62
Which forceps should only be used on heavy tissue planes or tissue to be excised?
A) Allis tissue forceps
B) DeBakey forceps
C) Babcock forceps
D) Sponge forceps
A) Allis tissue forceps
63
What is the primary purpose of hemostatic forceps?
A) To grasp sponges
B) To crush vessels for hemostasis
C) To hold sutures
D) To manipulate delicate tissues
B) To crush vessels for hemostasis
64
The design of Rochester-Ochsner forceps includes which feature?
A) Smooth tips
B) Interdigitating teeth
C) Longitudinal grooves only
D) No teeth
B) Interdigitating teeth
65
Why are DeBakey and Cooley forceps considered atraumatic?
A) They have serrations on the tips.
B) They are lightweight.
C) They are designed for soft tissues only.
D) They have smooth, rounded tips.
A) They have serrations on the tips. Lack of teeth, ideal for vascular, thoracic and intestinal surgeries
66
What type of tissue should not be manipulated with traumatic thumb forceps?
A) Skin
B) Connective tissue
C) Delicate vascular tissue
D) Muscle
C) Delicate vascular tissue
67
What indicates that a needle holder needs replacement or repair?
A) It becomes heavier.
B) The jaws misalign when closed.
C) It shines more than before.
D) It feels looser in the hand.
B) The jaws misalign when closed.
68
What feature of the Mathieu needle holder can restrict its use?
A) Lack of finger holes
B) Heavy weight
C) Price
D) Length
A) Lack of finger holes
69
What differentiates the Halstead mosquito forceps from the Kelly and Crile forceps?
A) They are larger.
B) They have grooves along the entire jaw.
C) They are used for larger vessels.
D) They are smaller and used for small vessels.
D) They are smaller and used for small vessels.
70
How should tissue forceps be maintained for optimal performance?
A) Avoid cleaning them regularly.
B) Regularly inspect for wear and damage.
C) Use them only on soft tissue.
D) Store them in a wet environment.
B) Regularly inspect for wear and damage.
71
What is the role of longitudinal grooves on clamps like the Satinsky?
A) To enhance weight
B) To prevent slippage
C) To increase purchase on tissue
D) To provide a firm grip on vascular structures
D) To provide a firm grip on vascular structures
72
Which instrument is designed to grip tissue less traumatically than others?
A) Rat tooth forceps
B) Adson forceps
C) Brown-Adson forceps
D) Babcock forceps
D) Babcock forceps
73
What must be ensured when the ratchet of a forceps is engaged?
A) The jaws should crush tissue.
B) The tips should not meet.
C) The tips should just meet.
D) The instrument should feel loose.
C) The tips should just meet.
74
What is the primary material used for high-quality needle holders?
A) Plastic
B) Stainless steel
C) Titanium
D) Aluminum
B) Stainless steel
75
Which forceps design is primarily used for ligation of pedicles?
A) Rochester-Pean forceps
B) Rochester-Carmalt forceps
C) Halstead mosquito forceps
D) Kelly forceps
B) Rochester-Carmalt forceps
76
What design feature does a Babcock forceps utilize?
A) Teeth oriented parallel to the pull
B) Smooth tips
C) Serrated tips
D) Transverse grooves
A) Teeth oriented parallel to the pull
77
What can cause damage to the lock box of a needle holder?
A) Using it with small needles
B) Grasping too large a needle
C) Cleaning the instrument
D) Using it with sutures
B) Grasping too large a needle
78
Which type of thumb forceps would be most appropriate for manipulating skin?
A) Rat tooth forceps
B) Adson forceps
C) Brown-Adson forceps
D) DeBakey forceps
B) Adson forceps
79
What is a characteristic of the Kelly forceps compared to the Crile forceps?
A) Longer length
B) Grooves cover the entire jaw
C) Grooves restricted to the distal half
D) Smaller size
C) Grooves restricted to the distal half
80
What type of pressure do serrated tips of forceps help minimize?
A) Surgical pressure
B) Digital crushing pressure
C) Weight pressure
D) Electrocoagulation pressure
B) Digital crushing pressure
81
Which hemostatic forceps would be most appropriate for a small vessel?
A) Rochester-Pean
B) Crile
C) Kelly
D) Halstead mosquito
D) Halstead mosquito
82
What kind of design is typical for Rochester-Ochsner forceps?
A) Smooth tips
B) Transverse grooves with teeth
C) Longitudinal grooves only
D) Ratchet mechanism only
B) Transverse grooves with teeth
83
Which forceps are particularly useful for handling tough connective tissue?
A) Adson forceps
B) Russian forceps
C) Allis tissue forceps
D) Doyen-DeBakey forceps
C) Allis tissue forceps
84
What should be the primary consideration when selecting the jaw width of a needle holder?
A) The surgeon's comfort
B) The size of the needle
C) The length of the instrument
D) The type of suture material
B) The size of the needle
85
Why should thumb forceps not be used for heavy or dense tissue?
A) They are not designed for suturing.
B) They may crush or damage tissue.
C) They cannot hold needles securely.
D) They are difficult to clean.
B) They may crush or damage tissue.
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Towel Clamps
What is the primary purpose of Backhaus towel clamps?
A) To secure suction lines
B) To hold drapes and towels in place
C) To retract tissue
D) To cut sutures
B) To hold drapes and towels in place
107
Which towel clamp includes ball stops as a modification?
A) Backhaus
B) Roeder
C) Lorna-Edna
D) Senn
B) Roeder
108
Which type of towel clamp is non-penetrating?
A) Backhaus
B) Roeder
C) Lorna-Edna
D) Crile
C) Lorna-Edna
109
What is a key characteristic of finger-held retractors?
A) They require no surgical assistant.
B) They are self-retaining.
C) They must be held by a surgical assistant.
D) They are only used in orthopedic surgeries.
C) They must be held by a surgical assistant.
110
Which finger-held retractor is typically used for superficial muscle layers?
A) Parker retractor
B) Meyerding retractor
C) Senn retractor
D) Volkman retractor
C) Senn retractor
111
The Hohmann retractor is primarily designed for use in which type of surgery?
A) Orthopedic
B) Neurosurgery
C) General surgery
D) Plastic surgery
A) Orthopedic
112
What differentiates the Lahey retractor from the Army-Navy and Hohmann retractors?
A) It comes in sets of two.
B) It has a smooth handle.
C) It is larger in size.
D) It has multiple prongs.
B) It has a smooth handle.
113
Which self-retaining retractor features a grip-lock mechanism?
A) Gelpi
B) Weitlaner
C) Balfour
D) Finochietto
A) Gelpi
114
What is a notable feature of the Weitlaner retractor?
A) It has a single blade.
B) It is only available in pediatric sizes.
C) It can have blunt or sharp teeth.
D) It is used exclusively for abdominal surgery.
C) It can have blunt or sharp teeth.
115
The Balfour self-retaining abdominal retractor is best suited for which purpose?
A) Small animal surgery
B) Exposure of abdominal organs
C) Dental procedures
D) Neurosurgical applications
B) Exposure of abdominal organs
116
Which suction tube is known for its large tip and ability to remove large volumes of fluid?
A) Poole suction tube
B) Yankauer suction tube
C) Frazier-Ferguson suction tube
D) Bulb syringe
B) Yankauer suction tube
117
The Frazier-Ferguson suction tube allows for control of suction intensity by what method?
A) Adjusting the tube length
B) Placing a finger over a hole on the handle
C) Changing the tube diameter
D) Using a separate suction pump
B) Placing a finger over a hole on the handle
118
What advantage does the Poole suction tube have in abdominal procedures?
A) It has a single orifice.
B) It is smaller and more flexible.
C) It has multiple ports to prevent clogging.
D) It can cut through tissue.
C) It has multiple ports to prevent clogging.
119
What is the primary function of rongeurs in orthopedic surgery?
A) To elevate tissues
B) To remove bone and cartilage
C) To cut sutures
D) To clamp tissues
B) To remove bone and cartilage
120
Which type of curette is best suited for harvesting cancellous bone grafts?
A) Bruns curette
B) Volkman curette
C) Rosen curette
D) Doyen curette
A) Bruns curette
121
What characteristic distinguishes the Freer elevator?
A) It has a blunt and a sharp end.
B) It is used exclusively for bone.
C) It is designed only for hand-held use.
D) It is single-ended.
A) It has a blunt and a sharp end.
122
What is the function of osteotomes?
A) To grip and hold bones
B) To cut bone
C) To retract tissues
D) To suture tissues
B) To cut bone
123
How is a chisel different from an osteotome?
A) A chisel is double beveled.
B) A chisel is used only for soft tissues.
C) A chisel is single beveled.
D) A chisel is used only with a mallet.
A) A chisel is double beveled.
124
Which instrument is preferred for precise control in bone cutting?
A) Chisel
B) Rongeur
C) Curette
D) Osteotome
D) Osteotome
125
What type of forceps are exemplified by the Liston type?
A) Single-action bone-cutting forceps
B) Double-action bone-cutting forceps
C) Tissue-grasping forceps
D) Hemostatic forceps
A) Single-action bone-cutting forceps
126
The Verbrugge bone-holding forceps are designed primarily for what function?
A) Fracture reduction
B) Tissue retraction
C) Suturing
D) Bone cutting
A) Fracture reduction
127
What unique feature does the Kern bone-holding clamp have?
A) Curved design
B) Symmetric, straight jaws
C) Adjustable size
D) Rotating handles
B) Symmetric, straight jaws
128
Which instrument is specifically designed for twisting cerclage wire?
A) Wire passer
B) Universal plier
C) Axel wire twister
D) Wire cutter
C) Axel wire twister
129
What is the purpose of a wire passer in cerclage applications?
A) To cut the wire
B) To guide wire around the bone
C) To hold the wire tight
D) To secure sutures
B) To guide wire around the bone
130
What is the main principle behind electrosurgery?
A) Direct cutting of tissue
B) Generating heat through electrical circuits
C) Using lasers for incision
D) Mechanical pressure application
B) Generating heat through electrical circuits
131
In electrosurgery, what effect does desiccation have on tissue?
A) It cuts tissue precisely.
B) It causes cell shrinkage with minimal coagulation.
C) It leads to complete tissue destruction.
D) It freezes tissue.
B) It causes cell shrinkage with minimal coagulation.
132
What differentiates monopolar from bipolar electrosurgery?
A) Monopolar uses a ground plate; bipolar does not.
B) Monopolar is used only in small animal surgeries.
C) Bipolar uses a higher frequency.
D) Monopolar has lower thermal injury risks.
A) Monopolar uses a ground plate; bipolar does not.
133
Which surgical tool uses ultrasonic vibrations for cutting and coagulation?
A) Harmonic scalpel
B) Monopolar electrosurgical unit
C) Bipolar electrosurgical forceps
D) Plasma blade
A) Harmonic scalpel
134
What is the recommended method for instrument identification to avoid surface damage?
A) Engraving
B) Electrochemical etching
C) Paint marking
D) Adhesive labels
B) Electrochemical etching
135
Which part of the surgical instrument is most commonly subjected to wear and damage?
A) Handles
B) Tips and jaws
C) Hinges
D) Surface finish
B) Tips and jaws
136
Which type of drape is typically used to maintain a sterile field in surgery?
A) Non-sterile fabric
B) Impervious surgical drape
C) Cotton cloth
D) Paper drape
B) Impervious surgical drape
137
In surgical instrumentation, what does “tissue trauma” refer to?
A) Damage caused by suturing
B) Injury inflicted during retraction
C) Damage resulting from improper cutting
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
138
What is the main advantage of using self-retaining retractors?
A) They allow for easier positioning.
B) They require no additional personnel.
C) They are lighter than manual retractors.
D) They can only be used in small incisions.
B) They require no additional personnel.
139
Which instrument is most effective for hemostasis?
A) Tissue forceps
B) Hemostatic forceps
C) Scissors
D) Scalpel
B) Hemostatic forceps
140
he primary role of a surgical assistant during an operation is to:
A) Perform all suturing
B) Maintain sterility and assist the surgeon
C) Replace the surgeon
D) Control anesthesia
B) Maintain sterility and assist the surgeon
141
What is an important factor to consider when selecting surgical instruments?
A) Color of the instrument
B) Availability of replacement parts
C) Material composition and ergonomics
D) Brand reputation only
C) Material composition and ergonomics
142
What is the best practice for instrument sterilization?
A) Boiling water
B) Chemical disinfection
C) Autoclaving
D) Using alcohol wipes
C) Autoclaving
143
Which of the following is essential for prolonging the life of surgical instruments?
A) Daily use
B) Proper cleaning and maintenance
C) Storing in wet environments
D) Avoiding use altogether
B) Proper cleaning and maintenance
144
What can excessive heat exposure do to surgical instruments?
A) Improve their sharpness
B) Cause permanent warping
C) Enhance corrosion resistance
D) No effect
B) Cause permanent warping
145
When should a surgeon choose a single-use instrument over a reusable one?
A) For routine procedures
B) When the procedure involves high contamination risk
C) For personal preference
D) When cost is not a concern
B) When the procedure involves high contamination risk
