Chapter 37 - Large Colon Flashcards
What is the first part of the large (ascending) colon that receives contents from the cecum?
Right ventral colon.
How is the large colon divided into four parts based on location within the abdomen?
Into the right and left ventral colon, and the left and right dorsal colon.
What are the three flexures of the large colon mentioned
The sternal, diaphragmatic, and pelvic flexures.
At what level does the ventral colon form the sternal flexure, and where does it bend sharply?
At the level of the xiphoid cartilage; it bends sharply toward the left ventral abdomen.
What is the third part of the colon formed after the pelvic flexure?
The left dorsal colon
Where is the diaphragmatic flexure located in the large colon?
At the level of the diaphragm and left lobe of the liver.
What is the fourth and last part of the large colon?
The right dorsal colon.
Which part of the colon becomes the transverse colon at the level of the diaphragm and left lobe of the liver?
At the level of the medial surface of the cecal base, the right dorsal colon crosses the abdomen dorsally to become the short and narrow transverse colon which then becomes the small colon at a level just ventral to the left kidney and cranial to the mesenteric root
What is the approximate length of the large colon, and what is its average diameter? What capacity?
3 to 3.7 m long with an average diameter of 20 to 25 cm.
50 to 60 L
Where does the colon become narrow (8 to 9 cm) beyond the pelvic flexure?
At the ampulla coli it is the maximum 50 cm just before its diameter decreases at the funnel-shaped terminal narrowing, the transverse colon.
What is the role of the mesocolon in connecting the dorsal and ventral components of the large colon?
It connects them with two layers of peritoneum, containing fat and connective tissue, housing lymphatics, nerves, arteries, and veins.
The outer mesothelium secretes a serous peritoneal fluid
What are the constrictions in the ventral colon called, and what are the bands within it called?
Constrictions are plicae semilunares coli, and bands are teniae coli.
Which component of the large colon has alternating constrictions and sacculations?
The ventral colon.
How are the ventral colon bands primarily characterized, elastic or muscular? dorsal colon bands?
Primarily elastic for the ventral.
Primarily muscular for the dorsal
The transverse colon is attached to what?
The transverse colon is attached by mesocolon to the ventral surface of the pancreas dorsally, the cecal base laterally and indirectly to the diaphragm and liver
The lateral mesenteric band is covered by the ___________ and the medial mesenteric band by the _____________ and _____________
The lateral mesenteric band is covered by the mesocolon and the medial mesenteric band by the vessels and lymph nodes
Name the four tenial bands of the ventral colon
four tenial bands (teniae coli): namely lateral and medial free bands, and lateral and medial mesenteric bands.
does the dorsal colon has teniae and sacculations?
yes it has teniae, but it doesn’t have sacculations
What connects the right ventral colon to the cecum?
The cecocolic ligament (lateral band of cecum).
Which arteries supply blood to the ventral and dorsal colon, respectively?
The **colic branch **of the ileocolic artery supplies the ventral colon,
right colic artery supplies the dorsal colon.
Where do the veins draining the right colic and left colic veins ultimately drain into?
The** right colic vein** drains into the caudal mesenteric vein,
and the** left colic vein** drains into the cranial mesenteric vein, both of which drain into the portal veins.
What is the histological composition of the colon, including its layers and cell types?
It consists of a:
1 - luminal mucosa consists columnar epithelium with crypts and glands - no villi
2 - submucosa (nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic)
3 - tunica muscularis (inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle layers),
4 - and a serosal surface,
Describe the numbers and vessels
Figure 37-3. Blood supply to the equine large colon. 1, Stump of cranial mesenteric artery; 2, stump ofjejunal arteries; 3, lateral cecal artery; 4, medial cecal artery; 5, ilial artery; 6, colic branch of ileocolicartery; 7, right colic artery; 8, middle colic artery.
name the venous return in the colon
The right colic vein drains into the** caudal mesenteric vein **
the** left colic vein **drains into the cranial mesenteric vein and both drain into the portal veins