Chapter 63 - Uterus and ovaries Flashcards
What is the approximate size of the mare’s ovaries?
70-80 mm long and 40-60 mm wide.
How does the size of the mare’s ovaries vary?
It varies with the season and estrous cycle stage.
What is the ovulation fossa, and where is it located?
A palpable indentation on the ventral free border of the ovary.
What structure attaches to the dorsal border of the ovary?
The mesovarium, part of the broad ligament.
What does the mesovarium contain?
Blood vessels, nerves, and smooth muscle fibers.
Which artery provides blood supply to the ovary?
The ovarian branch of the ovarian artery.
How does the oviduct connect to the ovary?
The funnel-shaped infundibulum loosely attaches around the ovulation fossa.
What are the parts of the oviduct from ovary to uterus?
Infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus.
Where does the isthmus of the oviduct enter the uterus?
At the tip of the uterine horn at the tubal papilla.
How is the uterine body positioned within the mare’s anatomy?
The majority is in the peritoneal cavity; the caudal part is retroperitoneal.
What ligament suspends the uterus in the caudal abdomen?
The broad ligament, also called the mesometrium.
Which vessels supply blood to the uterus?
The uterine branch of the vaginal artery, the uterine artery, and the uterine branch of the ovarian artery.
Which diagnostic tools are commonly used to evaluate the reproductive tract?
Palpation, ultrasonography, hysteroscopy, and blood work.
How long should food be withheld prior to a laparotomy?
12 to 36 hours.
What perioperative medications are commonly given before reproductive tract surgery?
Antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Why might withholding food increase health risks in horses?
It can disrupt the diet and increase the risk of colic or diarrhea.
What type of anesthesia is needed for standing surgery on the cranial reproductive tract?
Sedation, visceral analgesia, and local anesthesia.
What anesthetic protocol is recommended for mares in dystocia requiring a cesarean section?
Total intravenous anesthesia with guaifenesin, ketamine, and detomidine until foal delivery.
What is the preferred anesthetic for maintenance during a C-section?
nhalation anesthesia (e.g., isoflurane in oxygen).
What approach is typically used for a flank laparotomy?
A modified grid approach with a vertical line block.
Where is local anesthesia administered for a flank laparotomy?
A 20-cm vertical line halfway between the last rib and the tuber coxae.
What muscles are separated in a flank laparotomy approach?
Internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles.
What is the primary purpose of the ventral laparotomy approach?
To provide access to the ovaries or uterus under general anesthesia.
What anesthesia combination is preferred for inducing anesthesia in dystocia cases?
Xylazine, diazepam (or midazolam), and ketamine.