Chapter 29 - Oraly cavity soft tissue trauma and salivary glands Flashcards
What causes self-inflicted lingual trauma in horses?
Inadvertent desensitization of the tongue due to diffusion of local anesthetic to the lingual nerve during an inferior alveolar nerve block.
How does the soft tissue of the face and oral cavity typically heal?
It heals well by second intention, usually within two weeks.
What are some non-surgical management strategies for minor oral soft tissue injuries?
Flushing the oral cavity with antiseptic solution, warm salt water, or clean water, and using NSAIDs.
What muscles anchor the tongue to the mandible and hyoid apparatus?
The genioglossus, hyoglossus, and styloglossus muscles.
What nerve provides motor innervation to the tongue?
The hypoglossal nerve (XII).
Which sensory nerves supplies the tongue for regular and special sensory innervation?
The lingual nerve branches from the facial nerve (VII), glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), and vagus nerve (X).
Which part of the tongue is most often involved in lacerations?
The free portion of the tongue.
What clinical signs are associated with tongue lacerations?
Oral hemorrhage, ptyalism, inappetence, anorexia, dysphagia, malodorous breath, and tongue protrusion.
What is a partial glossectomy?
The surgical removal of devitalized sections of the tongue.
How can tissue viability be assessed during tongue surgery?
By evaluating tissue color, temperature, bleeding at an incision, and observing fluorescence after intravenous administration of sodium fluorescein.
What technique is used to assist dorsal-ventral apposition during partial glossectomy?
Removing a wedge of intervening musculature and closing the space with multiple rows of interrupted absorbable sutures.
What type of sutures are recommended for multilayer closure in tongue laceration repair?
Absorbable or nonabsorbable size 0 or 1 monofilament sutures for deep layers and simple interrupted sutures for muscle apposition.
When is second-intention healing considered for tongue lacerations?
In chronic, less extensive lacerations or when economic constraints preclude surgical repair.
How can healed tongue lacerations with poor functionality be managed?
By primary closure techniques after sharp débridement of scar tissue.
What dietary adjustments may be needed post-tongue surgery?
Gruels of pelleted feeds, bran mashes, and wetted hay before transitioning to drier feeds.
How soon after lingual surgery do horses usually begin prehending food adequately?
Within hours to a few days.
What complications can arise after partial glossectomy?
Excessive swelling of the tongue and suture dehiscence.
What functional issue may occur after removing a large part of the tongue?
Involuntary dripping of saliva from the mouth.
What is the cosmetic outcome usually like after partial glossectomy?
The cosmetic appearance is usually highly acceptable.
What performance expectations can be met after partial glossectomy?
Return to full riding performance with the use of a bit is practical.
What structures form the blood supply to the tongue?
The lingual artery, which branches from the linguofacial trunk and supplies the tongue via dorsal lingual branches.
What surgical technique can be used for exposure and traction of the tongue during surgery?
Placing towel clamps or a gauze snare caudal to the laceration.
What role do tension-relieving sutures play in tongue laceration repair?
They reduce tension on the wound margins to support healing.
What is a potential long-term complication of tongue amputation?
Slower eating times and an adaptive phase for prehending food.