Chapter 61 - Penis and prepuce Flashcards
What are the three main anatomical parts of the horse penis?
Root, body (shaft), and glans penis.
What tissue composes the penis?
Erectile tissue, musculocavernous
Where does the penis originate?
caudally at the root,
which is fixed to the lateral aspects of the ischial arch by two
crura (leg-like parts) that converge to form the shaft of the penis
What is the term for the portion of the penis distal to the prepuce’s attachment?
Free part of the penis.
What are the two main types of penile erectile bodies?
Corpus cavernosum penis (CCP) and corpus spongiosum penis (CSP).
Which erectile body is responsible for erection?
Corpus cavernosum penis (CCP).
What causes the penis to protrude from the prepuce?
Decreased tonus during micturition.
What is the oval structure at the distal end of the penis called?
Glans penis.
What is the function of the bulb of the penis?
It is the proximal enlargement of the CSP that plays a role in erection.
How does the tunica albuginea vary between the CCP and CSP?
The tunica albuginea of the CSP is thinner and more elastic.
What is the corona glandis?
The circular edge of the glans penis.
What condition can large deposits of smegma in the urethral sinus cause?
They can form “beans,” which may interfere with urination.
What is the fossa glandis?
deep depression on the cranial surface of the glans that contains the urethra.
Define detumescence.
The process of penis returning to its non-erect state after ejaculation.
What role do the bulbospongiosus muscles play during ejaculation?
They create rhythmic contractions to expel semen.
Where does the corpus cavernosum penis originate?
Below the ischial arch at the junction of the crura.
What is the urethral process?
The tubular protrusion of the urethra from the fossa glandis.
What anatomical feature aids in maintaining an erection by preventing venous return?
Ischiocavernosus muscles.
What happens to the blood vessels in the penis during erection?
Increased arterial blood flow and distention of the cavernous spaces.
What is the main hemodynamic event that leads to penile erection?
Increased arterial flow to the cavernous spaces.
What muscles assist in the release of seminal fluid during ejaculation?
Urethralis muscle.
What symmetry exists within the structure of the penis?
the paired structures of crura and cavernous bodies are symmetrically arrange
How does parasympathetic stimulation affect the penis during arousal?
It reduces pressure in the CCP, allowing increased blood flow
What is the primary influence of the bulbospongiosus muscle on erection?
It helps achieve and maintain high pressure in the CSP during arousal.