Chapter 43 - Diagnostic Tx upper respiratory tract Flashcards
What historical information is important when assessing a racehorse with poor performance?
Abrupt decline in performance or gradual deterioration at the end of a race.
What is the most common historical finding in sport horses with upper respiratory issues?
Presence of abnormal respiratory noise.
What can decreased or absent airflow through one nasal passage indicate?
Upper airway obstruction restricted to one nasal passage.
How can the alar folds be temporarily secured to test for exercise-induced obstruction?
By using umbilical tape over the bridge of the nose.
What can facial asymmetry in a horse suggest during examination of the paranasal sinuses?
Conditions like facial bone fracture, sinus disease, or suture line exostosis.
What does dullness during percussion of a horse’s sinus indicate?
Fluid accumulation or a space-occupying mass.
What condition is usually indicated by a prominent muscular process during palpation of the larynx?
Inability to maintain full abduction of the affected arytenoid cartilage during exercise.
What can indicate previous laryngoplasty during palpation of the larynx?
Incisional scarring or absence of vocal cords.
What symptom might firm palpation of the larynx elicit in cases of severe upper airway conditions?
Stertorous breathing.
What may trauma or infection to the jugular groove result in?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve dysfunction.
Why is chemical sedation generally avoided during videoendoscopic examination of the upper airway?
It interferes with upper airway function.
What is the primary purpose of nasal occlusion during endoscopic evaluation?
To assess full laryngeal abduction by inducing maximal arytenoid cartilage movement.
What is recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) indicated by during endoscopy?
Inability to fully abduct one arytenoid cartilage.
What is the correlation between Havemeyer restilg laryngeal grades and exercising laryngeal function??
There is good statistical correlation between Havemeyer resting laryngeal grades and exercising laryngeal function.5 The vast majority of horses with resting laryngeal grades I and II are able to fully abduct both arytenoid cartilages during exercise, and horses with grade III and IV resting laryngeal grade are much more likely to experience dynamic laryngeal collapse.
What diagnostic tool is preferred for identifying dynamic laryngeal function?
xercising endoscopy.
What anatomical abnormality is highly specific for dynamic dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP)?
Prolonged displacement of the soft palate despite swallowing.
What are common observations during an endoscopy in horses with laryngoplasty?
Partially abducted arytenoid cartilage and possible vocal cord scarring or absence.
What might bruising of the nasopharynx near the guttural pouch indicate?
The horse is experiencing DDSP at speed.
What is suggested if there is discharge exiting the nasomaxillary opening during endoscopy?
Sinus disease
Why is the right ventral meatus preferred for endoscopic insertion over the left?
To reduce artefactual changes in left arytenoid positioning and movement.
What anatomical structures are examined first during an upper airway videoendoscopic evaluation?
The pharynx and larynx.
What condition is more commonly seen in younger horses during endoscopic evaluation of the pharyngeal walls?
Extensive lymphoid hyperplasia.
What feature of the epiglottis is typically evaluated during endoscopic examination?
The serrated edges and visible vascular pattern on its dorsal surface.
What movement patterns are critically assessed in the arytenoid cartilages during endoscopy?
Symmetry and synchrony of abduction and adduction.