Chapter 18 - Balanced Inhalation Anesthesia Flashcards
What is the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane?
A) 0.88% B) 1.31% C) 2.31% D) 7.6%
B) 1.31%
What percentage of halothane is metabolized by the liver?
A) 0.2% B) 3% C) 5% D) 10%
A) 0.2%
Which inhalation anesthetic has the highest MAC?
A) Isoflurane B) Sevoflurane C) Desflurane D) Halothane
C) Desflurane
What is the typical dose range for lidocaine as a loading dose in horses?
A) 0.1–0.5 mg/kg B) 0.65–2 mg/kg C) 2–4 mg/kg D) 5–10 mg/kg
B) 0.65–2 mg/kg
How much does a CRI of medetomidine reduce MAC during anesthesia with sevoflurane?
A) 15% B) 28% C) 53% D) 70%
C) 53%
What is the duration range of anesthesia in the retrospective study involving medetomidine?
A) 20–60 minutes B) 40–420 minutes C) 60–120 minutes D) 90–180 minutes
B) 40–420 minutes
What is the infusion rate of dexmedetomidine that reduces MAC by 30%?
A) 1.75 μg/kg/h B) 3.5 μg/kg/h C) 5 μg/kg/h D) 10 μg/kg/h
A) 1.75 μg/kg/h
What is the average percentage of lidocaine that reduces MAC of halothane?
A) ≤20% B) 25% C) 50% to 70% D) 80%
C) 50% to 70%
How long before the end of surgery should lidocaine CRI be discontinued?
A) 10 minutes B) 20 minutes C) 30 minutes D) 60 minutes
C) 30 minutes
What percentage of sevoflurane MAC reduction is achieved with a loading dose of lidocaine?
A) 10% B) 25% C) 27% D) 50%
C) 27%
What is the fatality rate risk increase for horses undergoing emergency surgery?
A) 1.5-fold B) 2-fold C) Several-fold D) 10-fold
C) Several-fold
What is the primary reason for fatalities in horses undergoing modern inhalant anesthesia?
A) Cardiac arrest B) Fractures during recovery C) Anesthetic overdose D) Respiratory failure
B) Fractures during recovery
What type of molecule is isoflurane classified as?
A) Analgesic B) Inhalation anesthetic C) Opioid D) Local anesthetic
B) Inhalation anesthetic
What is the recommended infusion rate for lidocaine during CRI?
A) 10 μg/kg/min B) 25–50 μg/kg/min C) 100 μg/kg/min D) 150 μg/kg/min
B) 25–50 μg/kg/min
What is the effect of α2-adrenoreceptor agonists on the MAC of inhalation agents?
A) Increases MAC B) Decreases MAC C) No effect on MAC D) MAC is halved
B) Decreases MAC
What is the typical half-life of medetomidine?
A) 10 minutes B) 20 minutes C) 30 minutes D) Varies widely
D) Varies widely
What is the blood gas solubility characteristic of modern inhalation anesthetics?
A) Highly soluble B) Low solubility C) Moderate solubility D) Variable solubility
B) Low solubility
Which inhalation anesthetic has the lowest MAC value?
A) Isoflurane B) Sevoflurane C) Desflurane D) Halothane
D) Halothane
How much does desflurane reduce cardiac output at 1 MAC?
A) No effect B) 10% decrease C) 20% decrease D) 50% decrease
A) No effect
What is the common outcome when lidocaine is administered during anesthesia?
A) Increased MAC B) Enhanced cardiovascular function C) Reduced volatile agent requirements D) Prolonged recovery time
C) Reduced volatile agent requirements
What is the typical loading dose of lidocaine for effective plasma levels?
A) 0.5 mg/kg B) 1.0 mg/kg C) 1.3 mg/kg D) 2.0 mg/kg
C) 1.3 mg/kg
What is the effect of lidocaine on intestinal motility?
A) Decreases motility B) Increases motility C) No effect D) Variable effects
B) Increases motility
What should be monitored when administering α2-adrenoreceptor agonists?
A) Urine production B) Blood glucose C) Electrolytes D) Temperature
A) Urine production
for how long can negatively effect the cardiopulmonary function alpha2-adrenoreceptor agonist?
20 to120 minutes