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Medical Terminology, LOM > Chap 5 & 6, Digestive System > Flashcards

Chap 5 & 6, Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

an/o

A

anus

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2
Q

perianal

A

Pert. to surrounding the anus

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3
Q

append/o

A

appendix

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4
Q

appendectomy

A

removal or excision of the appendix

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5
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

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6
Q

buccal mucosa

A

mucous membrane lining the cheek

A mucosa is a mucous membrane lining cavities or canals that open to the outside of the body.

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7
Q

cec/o

A

cecum

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8
Q

cecal

A

Pert. to the cecum, which is the first part of the the large intestine (colon).

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9
Q

celi/o

A

belly, abdomen

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10
Q

celiac

A

Pert. to the abdomen.

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11
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

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12
Q

lapar/o

A

abdomen

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13
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

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14
Q

cheilosis

A

Abnormal condition of the lip.

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15
Q

labi/o

A

lip

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16
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

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17
Q

cholecystectomy

A

Removal (excision, resection) of the gallbladder.

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18
Q

chol/e

A

gall, bile

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19
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

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20
Q

choledochotomy

A

Incision of the common bile duct.

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21
Q

col/o

A

colon

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22
Q

colostomy

A

New opening of the colon through the abdominal wall to the outside of the body.

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23
Q

-stomy

A

The suffix -stomy, when used with a combining form for an organ, means an opening to the outside of the body.

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24
Q

-stoma

A

A stoma is an opening between an organ and the surface of the body.

examples:
1) sigmoid colostomy,
2) ileostomy,
3) ileostomy stoma

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25
Q

sigmoid colostomy

A

After resection of the rectum and part of the sigmoid colon. The stoma is at the end of the colon and attached to the abdominal wall.

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26
Q

Ileostomy

A

After resection of the entire colon. The ileum is drawn through the abdominal wall to form an ileostomy stoma.

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27
Q

colon/o

A

colon

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28
Q

colonic

A

Pert. to the colon.

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29
Q

colonoscopy

A

Visual endoscopic examination of the colon.

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30
Q

dent/i

A

tooth

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31
Q

dentibuccal

A

Pert. to the cheek and teeth.

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32
Q

odont/o

A

tooth

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33
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

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34
Q

duodenal

A

Pert. to the duodenum.

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35
Q

duodenum

A

First part of the small intestine.

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36
Q

cecum

A

Fist part of the large intestine.

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37
Q

enter/o

A

Intestines, usually small intestine.

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38
Q

enterocolitis

A

Inflammation of the small intestine and colon.

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39
Q

enteroenterostomy

A

New opening between two previously unconnected parts of the small intestine.

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40
Q

anastomosis

A

Any surgical connection between two parts, such as vessels, ducts, or bowel segments:
ana = up,
stom = opening,
-sis = state of

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41
Q

ana-

A

up; apart; backward; again, anew

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42
Q

stom

A

opening

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43
Q

-sis

A

state of

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44
Q

mesentery

A

Membrane that holds the intestine together. Part of the double fold of the peritoneum that stretches around the organs in the abdomen, the mesentery holds the organs in place. Literally, it lies in the middle (mes-) of the intestines, a membrane attaching the intestines to the muscle wall at the back of the abdomen.

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45
Q

parenteral

A

Pertaining to by some route other than through the gastrointestinal tract, as by intravenous injection.

Par (from para-) means apart from in this term.

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46
Q

parenteral nutrition

A

An intravenous line brings parenteral nutrition directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the intestinal tract (enteral nutrition). Parenteral injections may be subcutaneous or intramuscular as well.

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47
Q

What are two parts of the mesentery?

A

The omentum and mesocolon. The omentum actually hangs down like an apron over the intestines.

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48
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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49
Q

esophageal

A

Pert. to the esophagus.

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50
Q

faci/o

A

face

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51
Q

facial

A

Pert. to the face.

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52
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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53
Q

gastrostomy

A

New opening of the stomach through the abdominal wall to the outside of the body.

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54
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

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55
Q

gingivitis

A

Inflammation of gums.

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56
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

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57
Q

hypoglossal

A

Pert. to under the tongue.

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58
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

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59
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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60
Q

hepatoma

A

Tumor of the liver.

Also called hepatocellular carcinoma.

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61
Q

hepatomegaly

A

Enlargement of the liver.

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62
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

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63
Q

ileum

A

The third part of the small intestine.

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64
Q

ileocecal sphincter

A

Ring of muscles that are between the ileum and the cecum (1st part of the lg. intestine).

Also called the ileocecal valve.

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65
Q

ileitis

A

Inflammation of the ileum, the 3rd part of the small intestine.

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66
Q

ileostomy

A

New opening of the ileum to the outside of the body.

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67
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

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68
Q

jejunum

A

Second part of the small intestine.

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69
Q

choledochojejunostomy

A

Surgical anastomosis (creation of a new opening) between the common bile duct and the jejunum.

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70
Q

gastrojejunostomy

A

New surgical connection (anastomosis) between the stomach and the jejunum (2nd part of the small intestine).

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71
Q

labi/o

A

lip

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72
Q

labial

A

Pert. to the lip.

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73
Q

lapar/o

A

abdomen

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74
Q

laparoscopy

A

Process of visually examining the contents of the abdomen using an endoscope.

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75
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

76
Q

sublingual

A

Pert. to under the tongue.

77
Q

mandibul/o

A

lower jaw, mandible

78
Q

submandibular

A

Pert. to under the lower jaw (mandible).

79
Q

odont/o

A

tooth

80
Q

orthodontist

A

Dentist specializing in straightening teeth.

81
Q

orth/o

A

straight

82
Q

periodontist

A

Dentist specializing in treating the gums.

83
Q

endodontist

A

A dentist specializing in the inner parts of the mouth.

84
Q

or/o

A

mouth

85
Q

oral

A

Pert. to the mouth.

86
Q

palat/o

A

palate, roof of the mouth

87
Q

palatoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the palate (roof of the mouth). Procedure to repair cleft palate and cleft lip; repair of a cleft plate.

88
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

89
Q

pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas.

90
Q

peritone/o

A

peritoneum (double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity)

91
Q

peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum.

92
Q

pharyngeal

A

Pert. to the throat or pharynx.

93
Q

palatopharyngoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the pharynx and palate.

94
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum

95
Q

proctologist

A

Specialist in the study of the anus and the rectum.

96
Q

pylor/o

A

pyloric sphincter

97
Q

pyloroplasty

A

Surgical repair of the pyloric sphincter.

98
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum. It is normally closed, but opens when a wave of peristalsis passes over it.

99
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

100
Q

rectum

A

Last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus.

101
Q

-cele

A

hernia

102
Q

rectocele

A

Hernia of the rectum.

103
Q

sialaden/o

A

salivary gland

104
Q

sialadenitis

A

Inflammation of a salivary glad.

105
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

106
Q

sigmoid colon

A

Fourth and last, S-Shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum.

107
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

Visual endoscopic examination of the sigmoid colon.

108
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

109
Q

stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the mouth.

110
Q

uvul/o

A

uvula

111
Q

uvula

A

Soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate.

112
Q

uvulectomy

A

Removal (excision) of the uvula.

113
Q

amyl/o

A

starch

114
Q

-ase

A

enzyme

115
Q

amylase

A

An enzyme that digests (breaks down) starches into simpler substances (such as sugars).

116
Q

bil/i

A

gall, bile

117
Q

biliary tract

A

Inclues the organs (liver and gallbladder) and ducts (hepatic, cystic, and common bile ducts) that secrete, store, and empty bile into the duodenum.

118
Q

biliary

A

Pert. to bile or bile ducts. Bile ducts empty bile into the small intestine (duodenum).

119
Q

bilirubin/o

A

bilirubin (bile pigment)

120
Q

hyperbilirubinemia

A

High levels of bilirubin (yellow/orange pigment) in the bloodstream; jaundice.

121
Q

chol/e

A

gall, bile

122
Q

lith/o

A

stone or calculus

123
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition

124
Q

cholelithiasis

A

Abnormal condition of stones (gallstones) in the gallbladder.

Gallstones in the gallbladder.

125
Q

chlorhydr/o

A

hydrochloric acid

126
Q

achlorhydria

A

Absence of hydrochloric acid from the gastric juice.

Absence of gastric juice is associated with gastric carcinoma.

127
Q

gluc/o

A

sugar

128
Q

gluconeogenesis

A

Process of producing new sugar from fats and proteins; occurs mainly in the liver.

129
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar

130
Q

hyperglycemia

A

High levels of sugar in the bloodstream; often associated with diabetes mellitus.

131
Q

glycogen/o

A

glycogen, animal starch

132
Q

glycogenolysis

A

Breakdown of glycogen to release sugar. Liver cells change glycogen back to glucose when blood sugar levels drop.

133
Q

lip/o

A

fat, lipid

134
Q

lipoma

A

Benign tumor of fatty tissue.

135
Q

lith/o

A

stone

136
Q

lithogenesis

A

Formation of stone (calculi).

137
Q

prote/o

A

protein

138
Q

protease

A

Enzyme that digests protein.

139
Q

py/o

A

pus

140
Q

pyorrhea

A

Discharge of pus from gums. Periodontitis; an advanced stage of periodontal disease (gingivitis).

141
Q

sial/o

A

saliva, salivary

142
Q

Sialolith

A

Salivary gland stone; lodged in a salivary gland or duct.

143
Q

steat/o

A

fat

144
Q

steatorrhea

A

Discharge of fat in the feces due to improper digestion and malabsorption of fat.

145
Q

-ase

A

enzyme

146
Q

lipase

A

Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats.

147
Q

-chezia

A

defecation, elimination of wastes

148
Q

hematochezia

A

Passage of bright red blood from the rectum.

149
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition

150
Q

choledocholithiasis

A

Abnormal condition of stones in the common bile duct.

151
Q

-prandial

A

meal

152
Q

postprandial

A

After meals.

153
Q

-ectasis, -ectasia

A

dilation, (dilatation), widening

154
Q

cholangi/o

A

bile duct (vessel).

155
Q

cholangiectasis

A

Abnormal widening or dilation of a bile vessel (bile duct). This condition is secondary to bile duct obstruction.

156
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting

157
Q

hematemesis

A

Vomiting blood. Bright red blood is vomited, often associated with esophageal varices or peptic ulcer.

158
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

159
Q

dyspepsia

A

Painful digestion; indigestion.

160
Q

-phagia

A

eating, swallowing

161
Q

polyphagia

A

Excessive appetite and uncontrolled eating. Excessive eating.

162
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

163
Q

abdominoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the abdomen. Commonly referred to as a “tummy tuck.”

164
Q

dysphagia

A

Difficulty in swallowing.

165
Q

-ptysis

A

spitting

166
Q

hemoptysis - from the respiratory tract and lungs

A

Spitting up blood from the respiratory tract. A sign of bleeding and disease within the bronchial tubes and lungs.

167
Q

hematemesis

A

Vomiting blood, a sign of bleeding from the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract.

168
Q

-rrhage, rrhagia

A

bursting forth (of blood)

169
Q

hemorrhage

A

Bursting forth or excessive flow of blood. Loss of a large amount of blood in a short period.

170
Q

gastrorrhagia

A

Loss of blood from the stomach and jejunum.

171
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suture

172
Q

herniorrhaphy

A

Suture (stitching or sewing up) a hernia.

Hernioplasty is a synonym.

Tenorrhaphy (ten = tendon) is another common use of this suffix.

173
Q

-rrhea

A

flow, discharge of various substances:

  • rhinorrhea - mucus from the nose
  • pyorrhea - pus from the gums
  • menorrhea - menstrual (men/o) blood from the uterine lining
  • leukorrhea - white, yellowish fluid from the vagina
174
Q

diarrhea

A

Frequent passage of loose watery stools.

175
Q

-spasm

A

involuntary contraction of muscles

176
Q

pylorospasm

A

Sudden involuntary contraction of muscles at the pyloric sphincter.

177
Q

bronchospasm

A

Abnormal narrowing with obstruction of the lumen of the bronchi due to spasm of the peribronchial smooth muscle. A chief characteristic of bronchitis and asthma.

178
Q

-stasis

A

stopping, controlling

179
Q

cholestasis

A

Stoppage of bile flow.

180
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing, tightening

181
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

Narrowing of the pyloric sphincter. This is a congenital defect in newborns blocking the flow of food into the small intestine.

182
Q

-tresia

A

opening

183
Q

atresia

A

Absence of a normal opening.

184
Q

esophageal atresia

A

Congenital absence of the normal opening from the esophagus to the stomach. The esophagus does not connect with the stomach. A tracheoesophageal fistula often accompanies this abnormality.

185
Q

biliary atresia

A

Congenital hypoplasia or nonformation of bile ducts causes neonatal cholestasis and jaundice.

Medical Terminology, LOM (88 decks)

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