Chap 15, Terminology, Bones Flashcards
calc/o, calci/o
calcium
hypercalcemia
Excessive calcium in the bloodstream.
decalcification
Removal of calcium from bones.
de-
less or lack of
-fication
the process of making
kyph/o
humpback, hunchback, (posterior curvature in the thoracic region)
Kyphosis
Abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic vertebrae.
Kyphosis
Abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic vertebrae. The affected person’s height is reduced, and kyphosis may lead to pressure on the spinal cord or peripheral nerves.
lamin/o
lamina (part of the vertebral arch)
laminectomy
Removal of a lamina to relieve the symptoms of a ruptured intervertebral disc. An operation often performed to relieve the symptoms of compression of the spinal cord or spinal nerve roots. It involves removal of the lamina and spinous process.
lord/o
curve, swayback (anterior curvature in the lumbar region)
lordosis
Abnormal anterior curvature of the backbones in the lumbar region. The normal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine becomes exaggerated. The word lordosis is derived from Greek, describing a person leaning backward in a lordly fashion.
lumb/o
loins, lower back
lumbar
Pertaining to the loins or lower back (near the waist) region.
lumbosacral
Pertaining to the lower back and the sacrum.
myel/o
bone marrow
myelopoiesis
Formation of bone marrow.
orth/o
straight
orthopedics
The specialty of medicine dealing with bones and bone diseases. Orthopedists originally straightened (orth/o) the bones of children (ped/o).
oste/o
bone
osteitis
Inflammation of bones.
osteitis deformans
is better known as Paget disease. Bones become weak and painful, especially in the spine, skull, pelvis, and legs.
osteodystrophy
Abnormal (poor) development of bones.
osteogenesis
Formation of bone.
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Genetic disorder involving defective development of bones that are brittle and fragile; fractures occur with the slightest trauma.
scoli/o
crooked, bent (lateral curvature)
scoliosis
Abnormal condition of lateral curvature of the spine. The spinal column is bent abnormally to the side. Scoliosis is the most common spinal deformity in adolescent girls.
spondyl/o (used to make words about conditions of the structure)
vertebra
spondylosis
Abnormal condition of vertebrae. Degeneration of the intervertebral discs in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions. Signs and symptoms include pain and restriction of movement.
vertebr/o (used to describe the structure itself)
vertebra
vertebroplasty
Repair of a fractured vertebra.
Percutaneous vertebroplasty
Relieves pain caused by compression fractures of the vertebrae. Medical cement is used to fill in the cracks and strengthen bone.
-blast
embryonic or immature cell
osteoblast
Immature bone cell. Bone cell responsible for forming bone tissue. This cell synthesize collagen and protein to form bone tissue.
-clast
to break
osteoclast
Large cell found in the bone marrow of growing bones; absorbs and removes unwanted bone tissue. This cell breaks down bone to remove bone tissue.
-listhesis
slipping
spondylolisthesis
Forward displacement of a vertebra over a lower segment.
-malacia
softening
osteomalacia
Softening of bone. A condition in which vitamin D deficiency leads to decalcification of bones; known as rickets in children.
-physis
to grow
epiphysis
End of a long bone.
pubic symphysis
Junction of the pubic bones on the midline in front of the body.
-porosis
pore, passage
osteoporosis
Condition of increased porosity of bone with loss of bony tissue and decrease in bone mass.
-tome
instrument to cut
Osteotome
Instrument to cut bone.
acetabul/o
acetabulum (hip socket)
acetabular
Pertaining to the acetabulum (hip socket).
calcane/o
calcaneus (heel). The calcaneus is one of the tarsal (hindfoot) bones.
calcaneal
Pertaining to the calcaneus (heel bone).
carp/o
carpals (wrist bones)
carpal
Pertaining to the wrist bones.
clavicul/o
clavicle (collar bone)
supraclavicular
Pertaining to above the collarbone.
cost/o
ribs (true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs)
subcostal
Pertaining to below the ribs.
chondrocostal
Pertaining to below the ribs.
crani/o
cranium (skull)
craniotomy
Incision of the skull.
craniotome
Instrument to cut the skull.
femor/o
femur (thigh bone)
femoral
Pertaining to the thigh bone (femur).
fibul/o (see also perone/o)
fibula (smaller lower leg bone)
fibular
Pertaining to the smaller of the two lower leg bones (fibula).
humer/o
humerus (upper arm bone)
humeral
Pertaining to the upper arm bone (humerus).
ili/o
ilium (upper part of pelvic bone)
iliac
Pertaining to the ilium (upper portion of the hip bone)
ischi/o
ischium (posterior part of pelvic bone)
ischial
Pertaining to the ischium (lower and posterior part of the hip bone).
malleol/o
malleolus
malleolar
Pertaining to the malleolus (process on each side of the ankle). The medial malleolus is at the distal end of the tibia, and the lateral malleolus is at the distal end of the fibula.
mandibul/o
mandible (lower jawbone)
mandibular
Pertaining to the lower jaw bone.
maxill/o
maxilla (upper jawbone)
maxillary
Pertaining to the upper jawbone.
metacarp/o
metacarpals (hand bones)
metacarpectomy
surgical removal of hand bones.
metatars/o
metatarsals (foot bones)
metatarsalgia
Pain of the foot bones.
olecran/o
olecranon (elbow)
olecranal
Pertaining to the elbow.
patell/o
patella (kneecap)
patellar
Pertaining to the kneecap.
pelv/i
pelvis (hipbone)
pelvimetry
Measurement of the proportions of the pelvic bone (before childbirth).
perone/o
fibula
peroneal
Pertaining to the fibula.
phalang/o
phalanges (finger and/or toe bones)
phalangeal
Pertaining to the finger or toe bones.
pub/o
pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bone)
pubic
Pertaining to the pubic (anterior portion of the hip bone).
radi/o
radius (forearm bone - thumb side)
radial
Pertaining to the lateral lower arm bone.
scapul/o
scapula (shoulder blade)
scapular
Pertaining to the shoulder bone.
stern/o
sternum (breastbone)
sternal
Pertaining to the breast bone.
tars/o
tarsals (bones of the hindfoot)
tarsectomy
Removal of ankle bones.
tibi/o
tibia (shin bone)
tibial
Pertaining to the tibia, the larger and inner of the two lower leg bones.
uln/o
ulna (forearm bone - little finger side)
ulnar
Pertaining to the medial lower arm bone.
