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Medical Terminology, LOM > Chap 15, Terminology, Bones > Flashcards

Chap 15, Terminology, Bones Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

calc/o, calci/o

A

calcium

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2
Q

hypercalcemia

A

Excessive calcium in the bloodstream.

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3
Q

decalcification

A

Removal of calcium from bones.

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4
Q

de-

A

less or lack of

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5
Q

-fication

A

the process of making

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6
Q

kyph/o

A

humpback, hunchback, (posterior curvature in the thoracic region)

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7
Q

Kyphosis

A

Abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic vertebrae.

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8
Q

Kyphosis

A

Abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic vertebrae. The affected person’s height is reduced, and kyphosis may lead to pressure on the spinal cord or peripheral nerves.

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9
Q

lamin/o

A

lamina (part of the vertebral arch)

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10
Q

laminectomy

A

Removal of a lamina to relieve the symptoms of a ruptured intervertebral disc. An operation often performed to relieve the symptoms of compression of the spinal cord or spinal nerve roots. It involves removal of the lamina and spinous process.

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11
Q

lord/o

A

curve, swayback (anterior curvature in the lumbar region)

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12
Q

lordosis

A

Abnormal anterior curvature of the backbones in the lumbar region. The normal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine becomes exaggerated. The word lordosis is derived from Greek, describing a person leaning backward in a lordly fashion.

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13
Q

lumb/o

A

loins, lower back

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14
Q

lumbar

A

Pertaining to the loins or lower back (near the waist) region.

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15
Q

lumbosacral

A

Pertaining to the lower back and the sacrum.

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16
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

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17
Q

myelopoiesis

A

Formation of bone marrow.

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18
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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19
Q

orthopedics

A

The specialty of medicine dealing with bones and bone diseases. Orthopedists originally straightened (orth/o) the bones of children (ped/o).

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20
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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21
Q

osteitis

A

Inflammation of bones.

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22
Q

osteitis deformans

A

is better known as Paget disease. Bones become weak and painful, especially in the spine, skull, pelvis, and legs.

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23
Q

osteodystrophy

A

Abnormal (poor) development of bones.

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24
Q

osteogenesis

A

Formation of bone.

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25
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Genetic disorder involving defective development of bones that are brittle and fragile; fractures occur with the slightest trauma.

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26
Q

scoli/o

A

crooked, bent (lateral curvature)

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27
Q

scoliosis

A

Abnormal condition of lateral curvature of the spine. The spinal column is bent abnormally to the side. Scoliosis is the most common spinal deformity in adolescent girls.

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28
Q

spondyl/o (used to make words about conditions of the structure)

A

vertebra

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29
Q

spondylosis

A

Abnormal condition of vertebrae. Degeneration of the intervertebral discs in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions. Signs and symptoms include pain and restriction of movement.

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30
Q

vertebr/o (used to describe the structure itself)

A

vertebra

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31
Q

vertebroplasty

A

Repair of a fractured vertebra.

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32
Q

Percutaneous vertebroplasty

A

Relieves pain caused by compression fractures of the vertebrae. Medical cement is used to fill in the cracks and strengthen bone.

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33
Q

-blast

A

embryonic or immature cell

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34
Q

osteoblast

A

Immature bone cell. Bone cell responsible for forming bone tissue. This cell synthesize collagen and protein to form bone tissue.

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35
Q

-clast

A

to break

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36
Q

osteoclast

A

Large cell found in the bone marrow of growing bones; absorbs and removes unwanted bone tissue. This cell breaks down bone to remove bone tissue.

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37
Q

-listhesis

A

slipping

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38
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

Forward displacement of a vertebra over a lower segment.

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39
Q

-malacia

A

softening

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40
Q

osteomalacia

A

Softening of bone. A condition in which vitamin D deficiency leads to decalcification of bones; known as rickets in children.

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41
Q

-physis

A

to grow

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42
Q

epiphysis

A

End of a long bone.

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43
Q

pubic symphysis

A

Junction of the pubic bones on the midline in front of the body.

44
Q

-porosis

A

pore, passage

45
Q

osteoporosis

A

Condition of increased porosity of bone with loss of bony tissue and decrease in bone mass.

46
Q

-tome

A

instrument to cut

47
Q

Osteotome

A

Instrument to cut bone.

48
Q

acetabul/o

A

acetabulum (hip socket)

49
Q

acetabular

A

Pertaining to the acetabulum (hip socket).

50
Q

calcane/o

A

calcaneus (heel). The calcaneus is one of the tarsal (hindfoot) bones.

51
Q

calcaneal

A

Pertaining to the calcaneus (heel bone).

52
Q

carp/o

A

carpals (wrist bones)

53
Q

carpal

A

Pertaining to the wrist bones.

54
Q

clavicul/o

A

clavicle (collar bone)

55
Q

supraclavicular

A

Pertaining to above the collarbone.

56
Q

cost/o

A

ribs (true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs)

57
Q

subcostal

A

Pertaining to below the ribs.

58
Q

chondrocostal

A

Pertaining to below the ribs.

59
Q

crani/o

A

cranium (skull)

60
Q

craniotomy

A

Incision of the skull.

61
Q

craniotome

A

Instrument to cut the skull.

62
Q

femor/o

A

femur (thigh bone)

63
Q

femoral

A

Pertaining to the thigh bone (femur).

64
Q

fibul/o (see also perone/o)

A

fibula (smaller lower leg bone)

65
Q

fibular

A

Pertaining to the smaller of the two lower leg bones (fibula).

66
Q

humer/o

A

humerus (upper arm bone)

67
Q

humeral

A

Pertaining to the upper arm bone (humerus).

68
Q

ili/o

A

ilium (upper part of pelvic bone)

69
Q

iliac

A

Pertaining to the ilium (upper portion of the hip bone)

70
Q

ischi/o

A

ischium (posterior part of pelvic bone)

71
Q

ischial

A

Pertaining to the ischium (lower and posterior part of the hip bone).

72
Q

malleol/o

A

malleolus

73
Q

malleolar

A

Pertaining to the malleolus (process on each side of the ankle). The medial malleolus is at the distal end of the tibia, and the lateral malleolus is at the distal end of the fibula.

74
Q

mandibul/o

A

mandible (lower jawbone)

75
Q

mandibular

A

Pertaining to the lower jaw bone.

76
Q

maxill/o

A

maxilla (upper jawbone)

77
Q

maxillary

A

Pertaining to the upper jawbone.

78
Q

metacarp/o

A

metacarpals (hand bones)

79
Q

metacarpectomy

A

surgical removal of hand bones.

80
Q

metatars/o

A

metatarsals (foot bones)

81
Q

metatarsalgia

A

Pain of the foot bones.

82
Q

olecran/o

A

olecranon (elbow)

83
Q

olecranal

A

Pertaining to the elbow.

84
Q

patell/o

A

patella (kneecap)

85
Q

patellar

A

Pertaining to the kneecap.

86
Q

pelv/i

A

pelvis (hipbone)

87
Q

pelvimetry

A

Measurement of the proportions of the pelvic bone (before childbirth).

88
Q

perone/o

A

fibula

89
Q

peroneal

A

Pertaining to the fibula.

90
Q

phalang/o

A

phalanges (finger and/or toe bones)

91
Q

phalangeal

A

Pertaining to the finger or toe bones.

92
Q

pub/o

A

pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bone)

93
Q

pubic

A

Pertaining to the pubic (anterior portion of the hip bone).

94
Q

radi/o

A

radius (forearm bone - thumb side)

95
Q

radial

A

Pertaining to the lateral lower arm bone.

96
Q

scapul/o

A

scapula (shoulder blade)

97
Q

scapular

A

Pertaining to the shoulder bone.

98
Q

stern/o

A

sternum (breastbone)

99
Q

sternal

A

Pertaining to the breast bone.

100
Q

tars/o

A

tarsals (bones of the hindfoot)

101
Q

tarsectomy

A

Removal of ankle bones.

102
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia (shin bone)

103
Q

tibial

A

Pertaining to the tibia, the larger and inner of the two lower leg bones.

104
Q

uln/o

A

ulna (forearm bone - little finger side)

105
Q

ulnar

A

Pertaining to the medial lower arm bone.

Medical Terminology, LOM (88 decks)

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