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Medical Terminology, LOM > Chap 18, Endocrine System, Terminology, Combining Forms, Suffixes, Prefixes: Related Terms > Flashcards

Chap 18, Endocrine System, Terminology, Combining Forms, Suffixes, Prefixes: Related Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

andr/o

A

male

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2
Q

androgen

A

Hormone producing or stimulating male characteristics (e.g. testosterone)

Androgens are produced by the testes in males and by the adrenal cortex in males and females.

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3
Q

calc/o, calci/o

A

calcium

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4
Q

hypercalcemia

A

Increased calcium in the blood.

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5
Q

hypocalcemia

A

Decreased levels of calcium in the blood.

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6
Q

hypercalciuria

A

High levels of calcium in urine.

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7
Q

cortic/o

A

cortex, outer region

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8
Q

corticosteroid

A

Any of the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex.

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9
Q

crin/o

A

secrete

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10
Q

endocrinologist

A

Specialist in diagnosis and treatment of endocrine gland disorders.

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11
Q

dips/o

A

thirst

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12
Q

polydipsia

A

Condition of excessive thirst. Poly- means many or increased. Uncontrolled diabetes (mellitus or insipidus) causes increased thirst.

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13
Q

estr/o

A

female

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14
Q

estrogenic

A

Pertaining to having properties similar to estrogen.

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15
Q

gluc/o

A

sugar

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16
Q

glucagon

A

Hormone from the pancreas that causes sugar to be released into the bloodstream when sugar levels are low. In this term, -agon means to assemble or gather together. Glucagon raises blood sugar by stimulating its release from glycogen (starch) into the bloodstream.

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17
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar

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18
Q

hyperglycemia

A

Blood condition of increased sugar.

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19
Q

glycemic

A

Pertains to sugar in the blood. A patient with diabetes mellitus requires glycemic control.

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20
Q

glycogen

A

An animal starch; produced from sugar by the liver. The liver also converts it (glycogen) back to glucose. Glucagon promotes glycogenolysis.

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21
Q

home/o

A

sameness

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22
Q

homeostasis

A

State of equilibrium (constancy) of the body’s internal environment. The suffix -stasis means to control.

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23
Q

hormon/o

A

hormone

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24
Q

hormonal

A

Pertaining to hormones.

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25
Q

kal/i

A

potassium

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26
Q

hypokalemia

A

Low levels of potassium (K+) in the blood. This condition can occur in dehydration and with excessive vomiting and diarrhea. The heart is particularly sensitive to potassium loss.

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27
Q

lact/o

A

milk

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28
Q

prolactin

A

Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) that promotes the growth of breast tissue and stimulates milk production. The suffix -in means a substance.

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29
Q

myx/o

A

mucus

30
Q

myxedema

A

Condition of mucous-like swelling of the face and soft tissues; due to hyposecretion of the thyroid gland in adults. Mucus-like material accumulates under the skin.

31
Q

natr/o

A

sodium (Na+)

32
Q

hyponatremia

A

Blood condition of deficiency of sodium. Occurs with hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex as salts and water leave the body.

33
Q

phys/o

A

growing

34
Q

hypophysectomy

A

Removal of the pituitary gland. The hypophysis is the pituitary gland, which is so named because it grows from the undersurface (hypo-) of the brain.

Abnormal pituitary gland tissue is removed with instruments passed through the nasal passages and an opening created in the sphenoid bone (transsphenoidal hypophysectomy). The gland is removed to slow the growth of endocrine-dependent malignant tumors or to excise a pituitary tumor. Other treatments to destroy pituitary tissue include radiation therapy, radioactive implants, and cryosurgery.

35
Q

somat/o

A

body

36
Q

somatotropin

A

Growth hormone (GH) secreted by the anterior pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bones and tissues.

37
Q

ster/o

A

solid structure

38
Q

steroid

A

An organic (containing carbon) compound. This solid, ring-shaped molecule resembles a sterol (such as cholesterol); many hormones (androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids) bile acids, and vitamin D are steroids.

39
Q

toc/o

A

childbirth

40
Q

oxytocin

A

Hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis); stimulates childbirth. Oxy- means rapid.

41
Q

toxic/o

A

poison

42
Q

thyrotoxicosis

A

Condition caused by excessive thyroid gland activity and oversecretion of thyroid hormone. Signs and symptoms are sweating, weight loss, tachycardia, and nervousness.

43
Q

ur/o

A

urine

44
Q

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) hormone that affects the kidneys and reduces water loss.

45
Q

-agon

A

assemble, gather together

46
Q

glucagon

A

Hormone from the pancreas that “assembles” sugar from starch and increases blood sugar when it is low.

47
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

48
Q

hypoglycemia

A

low levels of sugar in the blood.

49
Q

-in, -ine

A

substance

50
Q

epinephrine

A

Hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases blood pressure and heart rate, dilates bronchial tubes, and releases glucose (sugars) from glycogen (animal starch, storage substance) when the body needs it for more energy.

51
Q

-tropin

A

stimulating the function of (to turn or act on)

52
Q

adrenocorticotropin

A

Hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release hormones. The ending -tropic is the adjective form (adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH)

53
Q

-uria

A

urine condition

54
Q

glycosuria

A

Condition of sugar in the urine. Sign of diabetes mellitus.

55
Q

eu-

A

good, normal

56
Q

euthyroid

A

Normal thyroid function.

57
Q

hyper-

A

excessive; above

58
Q

hyperkalemia

A

high levels of potassium in blood. Seen in acute renal failure, massive trauma, and major burns.

59
Q

-hypo

A

deficient; below; under; less than normal

60
Q

hypoinsulinism

A

low levels of insulin. Deficient secretion of insulin by the pancreas.

61
Q

oxy-

A

rapid, sharp, acid

{Oxy/o Meaning Acid: In 1774, the French scientist Antoine Lavoisier named a new gas oxygen because he incorrectly believed that the gas was an essential part of all acids.}

62
Q

oxytocin

A

Hormone from the neurohypophysis that stimulates childbirth

63
Q

pan-

A

all

64
Q

panhypopituitarism

A

Condition of deficient secretion of all hormones from the pituitary gland.

65
Q

poly-

A

many or increased

66
Q

polyuria

A

Excessive urine production. This is a sign of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or insipidus.

67
Q

tetra-

A

four

68
Q

tetraiodothyronine or thyroxine (T4)

A

Thyroid gland hormone containing 4 atoms of iodine; thyroxine. Iod/o or iod/o means iodine. This hormone, secreted by the thyroid gland, increases metabolism in cells.

69
Q

tri-

A

three

70
Q

triiodothyronine (T3)

A

Thyroid gland hormone containing 3 atoms of iodine. This hormone, secreted by the thyroid gland, increases metabolism in cells.

71
Q

Potassium and Sodium

A

In patient charts, potassium is abbreviated as K and sodium is abbreviated as Na. As electrolytes, they are written as K+ and Na+.

Medical Terminology, LOM (88 decks)

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