Chap 14, Lymphatic and Immune Systems, Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

adaptive or acquired immunity

A

The ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them. Humoral (B cells) and cell-mediated immunity (T cells) are examples.

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2
Q

adenoids

A

Mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx.

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3
Q

antibody

A

Protein produced by B cells to destroy antigens.

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4
Q

antigen

A

Substance that the body recognizes as foreign; evokes an immune response. Most antigens are proteins or protein fragments found on the surface of bacteria, viruses, or organ transplant tissue cells.

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5
Q

axillary nodes

A

Lymph nodes in the armpit (underarm).

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6
Q

B cell (B lymphocyte)

A

Lymphocyte that matures into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies.

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7
Q

cell-mediated immunity

A

T cells (cytotoxic, helper and suppressor) that respond to antigens and destroy them; a type of adaptive immunity.

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8
Q

cervical nodes

A

Lymph nodes in the neck region.

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9
Q

complement system

A

Proteins in the blood that help antibodies kill their target.

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10
Q

cytokines

A

Proteins secreted by cytotoxic T cells to aid in antigen destruction. Examples are interferons and interleukins.

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11
Q

cytotoxic T cell

A

Lymphocyte that directly kills antigens; call CD8-positive T cell.

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12
Q

dendritic cell

A

Antigen-presenting cell. Shows T and B cells what to attack.

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13
Q

helper T cell

A

Lymphocyte that aids B cells and stimulates T cells. Also called CD4-positive T cell.

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14
Q

humoral immunity

A

B cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens; type of adaptive immunity.

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15
Q

immunity

A

Body’s ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs. This includes natural immunity and adaptive immunity.

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16
Q

immunoglobulins

A

Antibodies such as IgM, IgA, IgG, IgE, IgD; secreted by plasma cells (mature B cells) in response to the presence of an antigen.

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17
Q

immunotherapy

A

Use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat or prevent disease.

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18
Q

inguinal nodes

A

Lymph nodes in the groin region.

19
Q

interferons

A

Proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune response.

20
Q

interleukins

A

Proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes.

21
Q

interstitial fluid

A

Fluid in the spaces between cells. This fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries.

22
Q

lymph

A

Thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body.

23
Q

lymph capillaries

A

Tiniest lymphatic vessels.

24
Q

Lymphoid organs

A

Lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland.

25
Q

lymph node

A

Collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels; contains cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) that fight infection.

26
Q

lymph vessel

A

Carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymphatic vessels empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest.

27
Q

macrophage

A

Large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body. Phag/o means to eat or swallow.

28
Q

mediastinal nodes

A

Lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the thoracic (chest) cavity.

29
Q

mesenteric nodes

A

Lymph nodes in the mesentery (intestinal region).

30
Q

monoclonal antibody

A

Antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells; useful in immunotherapy.

31
Q

natural immunity

A

Protection that an individual is born with to fight infection such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells. It is not antigen specific and does not elicit memory.

32
Q

paraaortic nodes

A

Lymph nodes near the aorta in the lumbar (waist) area of the body.

33
Q

plasma cell

A

Lymphocyte that secretes antibodies. It matures from B lymphocytes.

34
Q

right lymphatic duct

A

Lymphatic vessel in the chest that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body. It empties lymph into a large vein in the neck.

35
Q

spleen

A

Organ in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen that destroys worn-out red blood cells, activates lymphocytes, and stores blood.

36
Q

suppressor T cell

A

Lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cells. Also called a Treg (regulatory T cell).

37
Q

T cell (T lymphocyte)

A

Lymphocyte that acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals (cytokines) such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens.

38
Q

tolerance

A

The ability of T lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body’s own antigens as “self” or friendly. Once tolerance is established, the immune system will not react against the body.

39
Q

thoracic duct

A

Large Lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower and left side of the body (head, neck, arm, and chest). It empties lymph into large veins in the neck.

40
Q

thymus gland

A

Lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions T cells to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response.

41
Q

tonsils

A

Masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx.

42
Q

toxin

A

Poison; a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals, or plants.

43
Q

vaccination

A

Exposure of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that provokes an immune response. The response will destroy any cell that possesses the antigen on its surface and will protect against infection.

44
Q

vaccine

A

Weakened or killed microorganisms, toxins, or other proteins given to induce immunity to infection or disease.