Chap 15, Terminology, Joints

Question 1

ankyl/o

Answer 1

stiff

Question 2

ankylosis

Answer 2

Immobility (fusion) of a joint due to disease, injury, or surgical procedure.

Question 3

arthroplasty

Answer 3

Surgical repair of a joint (with prostheses, metal or plastic); total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR) are examples.

Question 4

replacement arthroplasty

Answer 4

Is replacement of one or both bone ends by a prosthesis (artificial part) of metal or plastic.

Question 5

carpometacarpal arthroplasty

Answer 5

Is a treatment for arthritis in the thumb (at the basal joint).

Question 6

arthrotomy

Answer 6

Incision of a joint.

Question 7

arthr/o

Answer 7

joint

Question 8

hemarthrosis

Answer 8

Condition of blood in a joint.

Question 9

hydrarthrosis

Answer 9

Condition of water or fluid in a joint. Synovial fluid collects abnormally in the joint.

Question 10

polyarthritis

Answer 10

Inflammation of many joints.

Question 11

articul/o

Answer 11

joint

Question 12

articular cartilage

Answer 12

Cartilage surrounding bones in a joint. Inflammation of articular cartilage is arthritis, whereas a “torn cartilage” is specifically a tear of a meniscus.

Question 13

burs/o

Answer 13

bursa

Question 14

bursa, (pl. bursae)

Answer 14

Sac of fluid between tendons and bones near a joint.

Question 15

bursitis

Answer 15

Inflammation of a bursa surrounding a joint. Causes of this periarticular condition may be related to stress placed on the bursa or to diseases such as gout or rheumatoid arthritis. The bursa becomes inflamed and movement is limited and painful. Intrabursal injection of corticosteroids and also rest and splinting of the limb are helpful in treatment.

Question 16

chondr/o

Answer 16

cartilage

Question 17

achondroplasia

Answer 17

This is an inherited condition in which the bones of the arms and legs fail to normal size because of a defect in cartilage and bone formation. Dwarfism results, characterized by short limbs and a normal-sized head and trunk (achondroplastic dwarfism).

Question 18

chondroma

Answer 18

Benign tumor of cartilage.

Question 19

chondromalacia

Answer 19

Softening of cartilage.

Question 20

Chondromalacia patellae

Answer 20

is a softening and roughening of the articular cartilaginous surface of the kneecap, resulting in pain, a grating sensation, and mechanical “catching” behind the patella with joint movement.

Question 21

ligament/o

Answer 21

ligament

Question 22

ligamentous

Answer 22

Pertaining to a ligament.

Question 23

rheumat/o

Answer 23

watery flow

Question 24

rheumatologist

Answer 24

Medical doctor specializing in diagnosis and treatment of joint disorders. Various forms of arthritis are marked by collection of fluid in joint spaces.

Question 25

synov/o

Answer 25

synovial membrane

Question 26

synovitis

Answer 26

Inflammation of the synovial membrane lining the synovial joint.

Question 27

ten/o

Answer 27

tendon

Question 28

tenorrhaphy

Answer 28

Suture of a tendon.

Question 29

tenosynovitis

Answer 29

Inflammation of a tendon and its sheath or covering.

Question 30

tendin/o

Answer 30

tendon

Question 31

tendinitis

Answer 31

Inflammation of tendons; tendonitis.

Question 32

-desis

Answer 32

to bind, tie together

Question 33

arthrodesis

Answer 33

Surgical fusion of a joint to eliminate movement. Bones are fused across the joint space by surgery (artificial ankylosis). This operation is performed when a joint is very painful, unstable, or chronically infected.

Question 34

-stenosis

Answer 34

narrowing

Question 35

spinal stenosis

Answer 35

Narrowing of the neural (spinal) canal in the lumbar spine. Symptoms (pain, paresthesias, urinary retention, bowel incontinence) come from compression of the cauda equina (nerves that spread out from the lower end of the spinal cord like a horse’s tail).