Chap 19, Oncology, Characteristics of Tumours

Question 1

Benign

Answer 1

1. Grow slowly
2. Encapsulated and non-invasive
3. Well-differentiated, resemble normal tissue
4. Non-metastatic

Question 2

Malignant

Answer 2

1. Multiply rapidly
2. Invasive and infiltrative
3. Anaplastic & undifferentiated
4. Metastatic

Question 3

Staging of Tumours

T = tumour size

Answer 3

T1: 7 cm across and grown into chest wall, diaphragm, mediastinal pleura, or pericardium
T4 invades the mediastinum, heart, aorta, trachea, or esophagus

Question 4

Staging of Tumours

N = number of lymph nodes affected

Answer 4

N0 = No node involvement
N1 = Ipsilateral (same side as primary tumor) bronchopulmonary or hilar nodes involved
N2 = Ipsilateral mediastinal nodes or ligament involved
N3 = Contralateral (opposite side) mediastinal, hilar, supraclavicular (collarbone) nodes involved

Question 5

Staging of Tumours

M = degree of spread (metastasis)

Answer 5

M0 No metastases

M1 Metastases present with site specified (e.g. brain, liver)