Chap 14, Lymphatic and Immune Systems, Pathology Flashcards
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Depression or suppression of the immune system after exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems.
opportunistic infections
Infectious diseases associated with AIDS; toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, herpes simplex, and Pneumocystosis carinii pneumonia (PCP). Infectious diseases associated with AIDS; they occur because HIV infection lowers the body’s resistance and allows infection by bacteria and parasites that normally are easily contained.
cryptococcal infection (Crypto)
Yeast-like fungus (Cryptococcus) causes lung, brain, and blood infections. Pathogen is found in pigion droppings and nesting places, air, water, and soil.
cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection
Virus causes enteritis and retinitis (inflammation of the retina at the back of the eye). Found in saliva, semen, cervical secretions, urine, feces, blood, and breast milk, but usually causes disease only when the immune system is compromised.
herpes simplex
Viral infection causes small blisters on the skin of the lips or nose or on the genitals. Herpes simplex virus also can cause encephalitis.
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
One-celled organism causes lung infection, with fever, cough, and chest pain. Pathogen is found in air, water, and soil and is carried by animals. Infection is treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim), a combination of antibiotics, or with pentamidine. Aerosolized pentamidine, which is inhaled, can prevent occurrence of PCP.
toxoplasmosis (Toxo)
Parasitic infection involving the central nervous system (CNS) and causing fever, chills, visual disturbances, confusion, hemiparesis (slight paralysis in half of the body), and seizures. Pathogen j(Toxoplasma) is acquired by eating uncooked lab or pork, unpasteurized dairy products, or raw eggs or vegetables.
Kaposi sarcoma
Malignant tumor of skin and connective tissue; associated with AIDS. A cancer arising from the lining cells of capillaries that produces dark purplish skin nodules.
lymphoma
Malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymphatic tissue. Associated with AIDS.
wasting syndrome
Weight loss and decrease in muscle strength, appetite, and mental activity that occurs with AIDS.
reverse transcriptase (RT)
Viral enzyme
reverse transcriptase inhibitor
Drug used to treat AIDS by blocking an enzyme (RT, reverse transcriptase), needed to make copies of HIV.
Examples of these drugs: zidovudine and lamivudine (Epivir).
HAART
Highly active antiretroviral therapy - use of combinations of drugs that are effective against AIDS.
allergy
Abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen (allergen).
lymphoma
Malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue.