Chap 15, Vocabulary, Bones

Question 1

acetabulum

Answer 1

Rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis that joins the femur (thigh bone), forming the hip joint.

Question 2

acromion

Answer 2

Outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder. It overlies the shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle.

Question 3

articular cartilage

Answer 3

Thin layer of cartilage covering the bone in the joint space.

Question 4

bone

Answer 4

Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton. Examples are long bones (femur), short bones (carpals), flat bones (scapula), and sesamoid bones (patella).

Question 5

bone depression

Answer 5

Opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or passageways for blood vessels and nerves. Examples are fissure, foramen, fossa, and sinus.

Question 6

bone process

Answer 6

Enlarged area that extends from bones as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Examples are bone head, condyle, epicondyle, trochanter, tubercle, and tubersosity.

Question 7

calcium

Answer 7

One of the mineral constituents of bone. Calcium phosphate is the major calcium salt in bones.

Question 8

cancellous bone

Answer 8

Spongy, porous bone tissue in the inner part of a bone.

Question 9

cartilage

Answer 9

Flexible, rubbery connective tissue. It is found in the immature skeleton, at the epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces.

Question 10

collagen

Answer 10

Dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues.

Question 11

compact bone

Answer 11

Hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones.

Question 12

cranial bones

Answer 12

Skull bones; ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal.

Question 13

diaphysis

Answer 13

Shaft, or mid-portion, of a long bone.

Question 14

disc (disk)

Answer 14

Flat, round, plate-like structure. An intervertebral disc is a fibrocartilaginous substance between two vertebrae.

Question 15

epiphyseal plate

Answer 15

Cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton.

Question 16

epiphysis

Answer 16

Each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate.

Question 17

facial bones

Answer 17

Bones of the face: lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic.

Question 18

fontanelle

Answer 18

Soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant.

Question 19

foramen magnum

Answer 19

Opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.

Question 20

haversian canals

Answer 20

Minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone.

Question 21

ligament

Answer 21

Fibrous tissue

Question 22

ligament

Answer 22

Fibrous tissue connecting bones to other bones.

Question 23

malleolus

Answer 23

Round process on both sides of the ankle joint. The lateral malleolus is part of the fibula, and the medial malleolus is part of the tibia.

Question 24

manubrium

Answer 24

Upper portion of the sternum; articulates with the medial aspect of the clavicle.

Question 25

manubrium

Answer 25

Upper portion of the sternum; articulates with the medial aspect of the clavicle.

Question 26

mastoid process

Answer 26

Round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear.

Question 27

medullary cavity

Answer 27

Central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone.

Question 28

metaphysis

Answer 28

Flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate (in this term, meta- means between).

Question 29

olecranon

Answer 29

Large process on the proximal end of the ulna; the point of the flexed elbow.

Question 30

orthopedist

Answer 30

Medical doctor who specializes in bone, joint, and muscle conditions.

Question 31

osseous tissue

Answer 31

Bone tissue.

Question 32

ossification

Answer 32

Process of bone formation.

Question 33

osteoblast

Answer 33

Bone cell that helps form bony tissue.

Question 34

osteoclast

Answer 34

Bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue.

Question 35

periosteum

Answer 35

Membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue.

Question 36

phosphorus

Answer 36

Mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium.

Question 37

physiatrist

Answer 37

Medical doctor specializing in rehabilitation (physic/o means function).

Question 38

pubic symphysis

Answer 38

Area of confluence (coming together) of the two pubic bones in the pelvis. They are joined (sym- = together, -physis = to grow) by a fibrocartilaginous disc.

Question 39

red bone marrow

Answer 39

Found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis.

Question 40

ribs

Answer 40

Twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall. True ribs are the first 7 pairs; false ribs are pairs 8 to 10; floating ribs are pairs 11 and 12.

Question 41

sella turcica

Answer 41

Depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located.

Question 42

sinus

Answer 42

Hollow air cavity within a bone.

Question 43

styloid process

Answer 43

Pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull.

Question 44

suture

Answer 44

Immovable joint between bones, such as the skull (cranium).

Question 45

temporomandibular joint

Answer 45

Connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw.

Question 46

tendon

Answer 46

Fibrous connective tissue connecting muscles and bones.

Question 47

trabeculae

Answer 47

Supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone.

Question 48

vertebra

Answer 48

Individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina, enclosing the neural canal.

Question 49

xiphoid process

Answer 49

Lower, narrow portion of the sternum.

Question 50

yellow bone marrow

Answer 50

Fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones.