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Medical Terminology, LOM > Chap 13, Blood System, Terminology > Flashcards

Chap 13, Blood System, Terminology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

basophil

A

White blood cell (leukocyte) containing dark granules that stain with a basic dye. The suffix -phil means attraction to.

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2
Q

hypochromic

A

Pert. to a deficiency in colour; decrease in hemoglobin in red blood cells. Hypochromic anemia is marked by a decreased concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells.

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3
Q

anticoagulant

A

Substance that prevents blood clotting.

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4
Q

coagulopathy

A

Disease of blood clotting.

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5
Q

cytology

A

Study of cells.

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6
Q

eosinophil

A

A granular white blood cell with cytoplasmic granules that stain with eosin (a reddish dye).

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7
Q

erythroblast

A

Immature, developing red blood cell. (-blast means immature).

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8
Q

granulocyte

A

White blood cell with numerous dark-staining granules;eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil.

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9
Q

hemolysis

A

Destruction of red blood cells. Destruction or breakdown of red blood cells. See hemolytic anemia.

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10
Q

hematocrit

A

Percentage of red blood cells in a given volume of blood. The suffix -crit means to separate. The hematocrit gives the percentage of RBCs in a volume of blood.

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11
Q

hemoglobinopathy

A

Disease or defect of hemoglobin production. Sickle cell anemia is an example.

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12
Q

anisocytosis

A

Inequality in the size of red blood cells. An abnormality of red blood cells; they are of unequal (anis/o) size; -cytosis means an increase in the number of cells.

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13
Q

magakaryocyte

A

Large, giant cell with a big nucleus; platelet precursor found in the bone marrow.

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14
Q

leukopenia

A

Deficiency of white blood cells.

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15
Q

monocyte

A

White blood cell with one large nucleus; capable of killing foreign substances by phagocytosis (ingestion). The cell has a single, rather than a multilobed, nucleus.

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16
Q

morphology

A

Study of the shape or form of cells.

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17
Q

myeloblast

A

Immature granulocytic white blood cell; a cell normally only found in the bone marrow. The suffix -blast indicates an immature cell.

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18
Q

myelodysplasia

A

Abnormal (ineffective) production of myeloid cells in bone marrow. (-plasia means development, formation, growth; increased # of cell growth). This is a preleukemic condition.

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19
Q

neutropenia

A

Deficiency in neutrophils. This term refers to neutrophils.

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20
Q

polymorphonuclear

A

Pert. to a multilobed nucleus (in granulocytic white blood cells).

21
Q

phagocyte

A

Cells that engulf another cell or foreign organism and destroys it.

22
Q

poikilocytosis

A

Variation in the shape of red blood cells. Irregularity in the shape of red blood cells. Poikilocytosis occurs in certain types of anemia.

23
Q

sideropenia

A

Deficiency of iron in the blood.

24
Q

spherocytosis

A

Increase in numbers of sphere-shaped RBCs, as in a type of anemia (hemolytic anemia). In this condition, the erythrocyte has a round shape, making the cell fragile and easity able to be destroyed.

25
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

Deficiency of clotting cells.

26
Q

plasmapheresis

A

Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge. A centrifuge spins blood to remove plasma from the other parts of blood.

27
Q

leukapheresis

A

Mechanical separation of white blood cells from the rest of the blood.

28
Q

plateletpheresis

A

Separation of platelets from the rest of the blood. Note that the a of apheresis is dropped in this term. Platelets are removed from the donor’s blood (and used in a patient), and the remainder of the blood is reinfused into the donor.

29
Q

monoblast

A

Immature monocyte.

30
Q

macrocytosis

A

Abnormal condition (slight increase in #’s) of macrocytes. Presence of large red blood cells in the blood. Macrocytes are erythrocytes that are larger (macro-) than normal.

31
Q

microcytosis

A

Abnormal condition. Increased numbers of smaller than normal red blood cells. These are erythrocytes that are smaller (micro-) than normal.

32
Q

leukemia

A

Disease of high numbers of malignant (cancerous) white blood cells.

33
Q

fibrinogen

A

Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process. Fibrin is a protein that forms the basis of a blood clot.

34
Q

hemoglobin

A

Blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells.

35
Q

immunoglobulins

A

Antibodies (proteins) secreted by B-cell lymphocytes (plasma cells). Protein (antibody produced by plasma cells) that acts to protect the body by destroying antigens.

36
Q

thrombolytic therapy

A

Treatment with drugs to break down clots that may abnormally form in blood vessels. Used to dissolve clots.

37
Q

myeloid

A

Derived from bone marrow.

38
Q

thrombosis

A

Abnormal condition of clot formation in a blood vessel. Abnormal condition of clotting.

39
Q

granulocytopenia

A

Deficiency of granulocytes (white blood cells).

40
Q

pancytopenia

A

Deficiency of all blood cells.

41
Q

macrophage

A

Large phagocytic cell (in blood and tissues) that eats (engulfs) other cells. A large phagocyte that destroys worn-out red blood cells and foreign material. It is derived from a monocyte.

42
Q

eosinophilia

A

Increase in numbers of eosinophils in the bloodstream.

43
Q

neutrophilia

A

Increased numbers of neutrophils.

44
Q

electrophoresis

A

Technique used to separate serum proteins by electrical charge. Separation of proteins in a solution by using an electric current (used to separate protein fractions of serum, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid).

45
Q

hematopoiesis

A

Formation of blood cells.

46
Q

erythropoiesis

A

Formation of erythrocytes (red blood cells). Erythropoietin is produced by the kidneys to stimulate erythrocyte formation.

47
Q

myelopoiesis

A

Formation of bone marrow.

48
Q

hemostasis

A

Stoppage of bleeding or circulation of blood or stoppage of the flow of blood.

49
Q

neutrophil

A

A granular leukocyte; important disease-fighting cell.

Medical Terminology, LOM (88 decks)

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