Chap 18, Endocrine System, Vocabulary, Related Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

catecholamines

A

Hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla. Epinephrine is a catecholamine.

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2
Q

corticosteroids

A

Hormones (steroids) produced by the adrenal cortex. Examples are cortisol (raises sugar levels), aldosterone (raises salt reabsorption by kidneys), and adrogens and estrogens (sex hormones).

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3
Q

electrolyte

A

Mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells; potassium, sodium, and calcium are electrolytes.

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4
Q

glucocorticoid

A

Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism. Cortisol raises blood sugar and is part of the stress response.

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5
Q

homeostasis

A

Tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment.

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6
Q

hormone

A

Substance, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland.

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7
Q

hypothalamus

A

Region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland. It secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland. Hypothalamus produces and secretes hormones [antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and oxytocin (OT)] directly to the posterior pituitary gland, where the hormones are stored and then released.

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8
Q

mineralocorticoid

A

Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts (electrolytes) and water balance in the body. Aldosterone is an example.

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9
Q

receptor

A

Cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited.

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10
Q

sella turcica

A

Cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland.

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11
Q

sex hormones

A

Steroids (androgens and estrogens) produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics.

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12
Q

steroid

A

Complex substance related to fats (derived from a sterol, such as cholesterol), and which many hormones are made. Examples of steroids are estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids. Ster/o means solid; -ol means oil.

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13
Q

sympathomimetic

A

Pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system. Adrenaline (epinephrine) is a sympathomimetic hormone (it raises blood pressure and heart rate and dilates airways).

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14
Q

target tissue

A

Cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones.

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