Chap 18, Endocrine System, Vocabulary, Hormones Flashcards
adrenaline (epinephrine)
Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure (sympathomimetic)
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH); also called adrenocorticotropin
Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis). ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex.
aldosterone (mineralocorticoid)
Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases salt (sodium) reabsorption.
androgen
Male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; testosterone is an example.
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (vasopressin)
Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis). ADH increases reabsorption of water by the kidney.
calcitonin
Secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels.
cortisol
Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar. It is secreted in times of stress and has an anti-inflammatory effect.
epinephrine (adrenaline)
Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic). It is a part of the body’s “fight or flight” reaction.
estradiol
Estrogen (female hormone) secreted by the ovaries.
estrogen
Female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex. Examples are estradiol and estrone.
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis). FSH stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by the testes.
glucagon
Secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen (starch) to glucose.
growth hormone (GH); somatotropin (STH)
Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues.
insulin
Secreted by beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin helps glucose (sugar) to pass into cells, and it promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen.
luteinizing hormone (LH)
Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males.
norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure (sympathomimetic). Nor- in chemistry means a parent compound from which another is derived.
oxytocin (OT)
Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis); stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth.
parathormone (PTH); aka parathyroid hormone
Secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium.
progesterone
Secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy.
prolactin (PRL)
Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); promotes milk secretion.
somatotropin (STH) (growth hormone, GH)
Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues.
testosterone
Male hormone secreted by the testes.
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyrotropin
Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis). TSH acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning.
thyroxine (T4) (tetraiodothyronine)
Secreted by the thyroid gland, T4 increases metabolism in cells.
triiodothyronine (T3)
Secreted by the thyroid gland; T3 increases metabolism in cells.
vasopressin, [antidiuretic hormone, (ADH)]
Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis) vasopressin increases water reabsorption and raises blood pressure.
