Chap 21, Pharmacology, Vocabulary, General Terms

Question 1

addiction

Answer 1

Physical and psychological dependence on and craving for a drug.

Question 2

additive action

Answer 2

Drug action in which the combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each.

Question 3

aerosol

Answer 3

Particles of drug suspended in air.

Question 4

anaphylaxis

Answer 4

Exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered drug or foreign protein.

Question 5

antagonistic action

Answer 5

Combination of two drugs ives less than an additive effect (action).

Question 6

antidote

Answer 6

Agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug.

Question 7

brand name

Answer 7

Commercial name for a drug; trademark or trade name.

Question 8

chemical name

Answer 8

Chemical formula for a drug.

Question 9

contraindications

Answer 9

Factors that prevent the use of a drug or treatment.

Question 10

controlled substances

Answer 10

Drugs that produce tolerance and dependence and have potential for abuse or addiction.

Question 11

dependence

Answer 11

Physiologic need for a drug due to prolonged use.

Question 12

dose

Answer 12

Amount of drug administered, usually measured in milligrams.

Question 13

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Answer 13

U.S. government agency having the legal responsibility for enforcing proper drug manufacture and clinical use.

Question 14

generic name

Answer 14

Legal noncommercial name for a drug.

Question 15

iatrogenic

Answer 15

Condition caused by treatment (drugs or procedures) given by physicians or medical personnel.

Question 16

idiosyncratic reaction

Answer 16

Unexpected effect produced in a particularly sensitive patient but not seen in most people.

Question 17

inhalation

Answer 17

Administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor form through the nose or mouth.

Question 18

medicinal chemistry

Answer 18

Study of new drug synthesis; relationship between chemical structure and biological effects.

Question 19

molecular pharmacology

Answer 19

Study of interaction of drugs and their target molecules such as enzymes, or cell surfacer receptors.

Question 20

oral administration

Answer 20

Drugs are given by mouth.

Question 21

parenteral administration

Answer 21

Drugs are given by injection into the skin, muscles, or veins (any route other than through the digestive tract). Examples are subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intravenous, intrathecal, and intracavitary injections.

Question 22

pharmacist

Answer 22

Specialist in preparing and dispensing drugs.

Question 23

pharmacy

Answer 23

Location for preparing and dispensing drugs; also the study of preparing and dispensing drugs.

Question 24

pharmacodynamics

Answer 24

Study of drug effects within the body.

Question 25

pharmacokinetics

Answer 25

Study of drug effects within the body.

Question 26

pharmacologist

Answer 26

Specialist in the study of the properties, uses, and side effects of drugs.

Question 27

pharmacology

Answer 27

Study of the preparation, properties, uses, and side effects of drugs.

Question 28

Compendium of Pharmaceuticals & Specialties

Answer 28

CPS

Question 29

receptor

Answer 29

Target substance with which a drug interacts in the body.

Question 30

rectal administration

Answer 30

Drugs are inserted through the anus into the rectum.

Question 31

resistance

Answer 31

Lack of beneficial response; seen when drugs are unable to control the disease process.

Question 32

response

Answer 32

Desired and beneficial effect of a drug.

Question 33

schedule

Answer 33

Exact timing and frequency of drug administration.

Question 34

side effect

Answer 34

Adverse reaction, usually minor, that routinely results from the use of a drug.

Question 35

sublingual administration

Answer 35

Drugs are given by placement under the tongue.

Question 36

synergism

Answer 36

Combination of two drugs causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone.

Question 37

syringe

Answer 37

Instrument (tube) for introducing or withdrawing fluids from the body.

Question 38

tolerance

Answer 38

Larger and larger drug doses must be given to achieve the desired effect. The patient becomes resistant to the action of a drug as treatment.

Question 39

topical application

Answer 39

Drugs are applied locally on the skin or mucous membranes of the body; ointments, creams, and lotions are applied topically.

Question 40

toxicity

Answer 40

Harmful effects of a drug.

Question 41

toxicology

Answer 41

Study of harmful chemicals and their effects on the body.

Question 42

transport

Answer 42

Movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells.

Question 43

vitamin

Answer 43

Substance found in foods and essential in small quantities for growth and good health.