Chap 21, Pharmacology, Vocabulary, General Terms Flashcards
addiction
Physical and psychological dependence on and craving for a drug.
additive action
Drug action in which the combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each.
aerosol
Particles of drug suspended in air.
anaphylaxis
Exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered drug or foreign protein.
antagonistic action
Combination of two drugs ives less than an additive effect (action).
antidote
Agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug.
brand name
Commercial name for a drug; trademark or trade name.
chemical name
Chemical formula for a drug.
contraindications
Factors that prevent the use of a drug or treatment.
controlled substances
Drugs that produce tolerance and dependence and have potential for abuse or addiction.
dependence
Physiologic need for a drug due to prolonged use.
dose
Amount of drug administered, usually measured in milligrams.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
U.S. government agency having the legal responsibility for enforcing proper drug manufacture and clinical use.
generic name
Legal noncommercial name for a drug.
iatrogenic
Condition caused by treatment (drugs or procedures) given by physicians or medical personnel.
idiosyncratic reaction
Unexpected effect produced in a particularly sensitive patient but not seen in most people.
inhalation
Administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor form through the nose or mouth.
medicinal chemistry
Study of new drug synthesis; relationship between chemical structure and biological effects.
molecular pharmacology
Study of interaction of drugs and their target molecules such as enzymes, or cell surfacer receptors.
oral administration
Drugs are given by mouth.
parenteral administration
Drugs are given by injection into the skin, muscles, or veins (any route other than through the digestive tract). Examples are subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intravenous, intrathecal, and intracavitary injections.
pharmacist
Specialist in preparing and dispensing drugs.
pharmacy
Location for preparing and dispensing drugs; also the study of preparing and dispensing drugs.
pharmacodynamics
Study of drug effects within the body.
pharmacokinetics
Study of drug effects within the body.
pharmacologist
Specialist in the study of the properties, uses, and side effects of drugs.
pharmacology
Study of the preparation, properties, uses, and side effects of drugs.
Compendium of Pharmaceuticals & Specialties
CPS
receptor
Target substance with which a drug interacts in the body.
rectal administration
Drugs are inserted through the anus into the rectum.
resistance
Lack of beneficial response; seen when drugs are unable to control the disease process.
response
Desired and beneficial effect of a drug.
schedule
Exact timing and frequency of drug administration.
side effect
Adverse reaction, usually minor, that routinely results from the use of a drug.
sublingual administration
Drugs are given by placement under the tongue.
synergism
Combination of two drugs causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone.
syringe
Instrument (tube) for introducing or withdrawing fluids from the body.
tolerance
Larger and larger drug doses must be given to achieve the desired effect. The patient becomes resistant to the action of a drug as treatment.
topical application
Drugs are applied locally on the skin or mucous membranes of the body; ointments, creams, and lotions are applied topically.
toxicity
Harmful effects of a drug.
toxicology
Study of harmful chemicals and their effects on the body.
transport
Movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells.
vitamin
Substance found in foods and essential in small quantities for growth and good health.
