Chap 17, The Eye, Terminology Flashcards
aque/o
water
aqueous humor
Fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber of the eye.
blephar/o
eyelid (see palpebr/o)
blepharitis
Inflammation of the eyelid.
blepharoptosis
Sagging or drooping eyelid; Also called ptosis. This condition may be caused by abnormalities of the eyelid muscle or by nerve damage. Pronounced blef-a-rop-TO-sis.
conjunctiv/o
conjunctiva
conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the conjunctiva. Commonly called pinkeye, it occurs when blood vessels dilate from allergens like pollen (allergic conjunctivitis), bacterial infection (bacterial conjunctivitis), or virus (viral conjunctivitis).
cor/o
pupil (see pupill/o)
anisocoria
Inequality in the size of pupils. Anis/o means unequal. Anisocoria may be an indication of neurologic injury or disease.
corne/o
cornea (see kerat/o)
corneal abrasion
Rubbing off of a part of the outer layer of the cornea.
cycl/o
ciliary body or muscle of the eye
cycloplegic
Pertaining to paralysis of the ciliary muscles.
dacry/o
tears, tear duct (see lacrim/o)
dacryoadenitis
Inflammation of tear glands.
ir/o, irid/o
iris (colored portion of the eye around the pupil)
iritis
Inflammation of the iris of the eye. Characterized by pain, sensitivity to light, and lacrimation. A corticosteroid is prescribed to reduce inflammation.
iridic
Pertaining to the iris.
iridectomy
Removal of a portion of the iris. Done to improve drainage of aqueous humor or to extract a foreign body.
kerat/o
cornea
keratitis
Inflammation of the cornea. (Note that kerat/o here does not refer to keratin (protein in skin tissue).
lacrim/o
tears
lacrimal
Pertaining to tears.
lacrimation
Production of tears.
ocul/o
eye
intraocular
Pertaining to within the eye.
ophthalm/o
eye
ophthalmologist
Medical doctor specializing in the diseases of the eye.
ophthalmic
Pertaining to the eye.
ophthalmoplegia
Paralysis of muscles that move the eyeball.
opt/o, optic/o
eye, vision
optic
Pertaining to the eye or to vision.
optometrist
Nonmedical professional who “measures” (examines) eyes to determine vision problems and prescribe lenses; a doctor of optometry (OD).
optician
Nonmedical professional who grinds lenses and fits glasses but cannot prescribe lenses.
palpebr/o
eyelid
palpebral
Pertaining to the eyelid.
papill/o
optic disc; nipple-like
papilledema
Swelling of the optic disc (associated with increased intracranial pressure) and hyperemia (increased blood flow).
phac/o, phak/o
lens of the eye
phacoemulsification
Technique of cataract extraction using high-frequency ultrasonic vibrations to remove the clouded lens.
aphakia
Absence of the lens of the eye. This may be congenital, but most often it is the result of extraction of a cataract (clouded lens) without placement of an artificial lens (pseudophakia).
pupill/o
pupil
pupillary
Pertaining to the pupil.
retin/o
retina
retinitis
Inflammation of the retina.
Retinitis pigmentosa
Genetic disorder (pigmented scar forms on the retina) that destroys retinal rods. Decreased vision and night blindness (nyctalopia) occur.
hypertensive retinopathy
Disease of the retina associated with (secondary to) high blood pressure. Lesions such as narrowing of arterioles, microaneurysms, hemorrhages, and exudates (fluid leakage) are found on examination of the fundus.
scler/o
sclera (white of the eye); hard
corneoscleral
Pertaining to the cornea and scleral layers of the eye.
scleritis
Inflammation of the sclera.
uve/o
uvea; vascular layer of the eye (iris, ciliary body, and choroid)
uveitis
Inflammation of the uvea (vascular layer of the eye).
vitre/o
glassy
vitreous humor
Clear, watery fluid filling the jelly-like mass (vitreous body) that fills the cavity of the eyeball.
ambly/o
dull, dim
amblyopia
Dullness of vision (can be caused by poor nutrition, trauma to the eye, or suppression of vision in one eye to avoid diplopia).
dipl/o
double
diplopia
Double vision (the perception of two images of a single object).
glauc/o
gray
glaucoma
Disease of the eye marked by increased intraocular pressure.
mi/o
smaller, less
miosis
Condition of contraction of the pupils.
miotic
A drug (such as pilocarpine) that causes the pupil to contract.
mydr/o
widen, enlarge
mydriasis
Condition of enlargement of the pupils. Tropicamide, atropine, and cocaine cause dilation, or enlargement, of pupils.
nyct/o
night
nyctalopia
Condition of night blindness. Vision is poor at night but good on bright days. Deficiency of vitamin A leads to nyctalopia.
phot/o
light
photophobia
Condition of sensitivity to light.
presby/o
old age
presbyopia
Condition of defective vision with advancing age; loss of accommodation.
scot/o
darkness
scotoma
Area of depressed vision with advancing age; loss of accommodation.
xer/o
dry
xerophthalmia
Condition of dry eyes.
-opia
vision
hyperopia (hypermetropia)
Farsightedness (seeing or able to see for a great distance).
-opsia
vision
hemianopsia
Condition of absence of vision in half of a visual field.
-tropia
to turn
esotropia
Condition in which the eyes turn inward.
hypotropia
Condition in which the eye wanders downwards.
hypertropia
Condition in which the eye wanders upward.
myopia
Nearsightedness (unable to see things clearly unless they are relatively close to the eyes).
astigmatism
Defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye. This causes light rays to be unevenly and not sharply focused on the retina, so that the image is distorted.
