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Medical Terminology, LOM > Chap 17, The Eye, Terminology > Flashcards

Chap 17, The Eye, Terminology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aque/o

A

water

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2
Q

aqueous humor

A

Fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber of the eye.

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3
Q

blephar/o

A

eyelid (see palpebr/o)

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4
Q

blepharitis

A

Inflammation of the eyelid.

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5
Q

blepharoptosis

A

Sagging or drooping eyelid; Also called ptosis. This condition may be caused by abnormalities of the eyelid muscle or by nerve damage. Pronounced blef-a-rop-TO-sis.

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6
Q

conjunctiv/o

A

conjunctiva

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7
Q

conjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva. Commonly called pinkeye, it occurs when blood vessels dilate from allergens like pollen (allergic conjunctivitis), bacterial infection (bacterial conjunctivitis), or virus (viral conjunctivitis).

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8
Q

cor/o

A

pupil (see pupill/o)

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9
Q

anisocoria

A

Inequality in the size of pupils. Anis/o means unequal. Anisocoria may be an indication of neurologic injury or disease.

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10
Q

corne/o

A

cornea (see kerat/o)

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11
Q

corneal abrasion

A

Rubbing off of a part of the outer layer of the cornea.

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12
Q

cycl/o

A

ciliary body or muscle of the eye

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13
Q

cycloplegic

A

Pertaining to paralysis of the ciliary muscles.

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14
Q

dacry/o

A

tears, tear duct (see lacrim/o)

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15
Q

dacryoadenitis

A

Inflammation of tear glands.

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16
Q

ir/o, irid/o

A

iris (colored portion of the eye around the pupil)

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17
Q

iritis

A

Inflammation of the iris of the eye. Characterized by pain, sensitivity to light, and lacrimation. A corticosteroid is prescribed to reduce inflammation.

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18
Q

iridic

A

Pertaining to the iris.

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19
Q

iridectomy

A

Removal of a portion of the iris. Done to improve drainage of aqueous humor or to extract a foreign body.

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20
Q

kerat/o

A

cornea

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21
Q

keratitis

A

Inflammation of the cornea. (Note that kerat/o here does not refer to keratin (protein in skin tissue).

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22
Q

lacrim/o

A

tears

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23
Q

lacrimal

A

Pertaining to tears.

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24
Q

lacrimation

A

Production of tears.

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25
Q

ocul/o

A

eye

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26
Q

intraocular

A

Pertaining to within the eye.

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27
Q

ophthalm/o

A

eye

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28
Q

ophthalmologist

A

Medical doctor specializing in the diseases of the eye.

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29
Q

ophthalmic

A

Pertaining to the eye.

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30
Q

ophthalmoplegia

A

Paralysis of muscles that move the eyeball.

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31
Q

opt/o, optic/o

A

eye, vision

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32
Q

optic

A

Pertaining to the eye or to vision.

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33
Q

optometrist

A

Nonmedical professional who “measures” (examines) eyes to determine vision problems and prescribe lenses; a doctor of optometry (OD).

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34
Q

optician

A

Nonmedical professional who grinds lenses and fits glasses but cannot prescribe lenses.

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35
Q

palpebr/o

A

eyelid

36
Q

palpebral

A

Pertaining to the eyelid.

37
Q

papill/o

A

optic disc; nipple-like

38
Q

papilledema

A

Swelling of the optic disc (associated with increased intracranial pressure) and hyperemia (increased blood flow).

39
Q

phac/o, phak/o

A

lens of the eye

40
Q

phacoemulsification

A

Technique of cataract extraction using high-frequency ultrasonic vibrations to remove the clouded lens.

41
Q

aphakia

A

Absence of the lens of the eye. This may be congenital, but most often it is the result of extraction of a cataract (clouded lens) without placement of an artificial lens (pseudophakia).

42
Q

pupill/o

A

pupil

43
Q

pupillary

A

Pertaining to the pupil.

44
Q

retin/o

A

retina

45
Q

retinitis

A

Inflammation of the retina.

46
Q

Retinitis pigmentosa

A

Genetic disorder (pigmented scar forms on the retina) that destroys retinal rods. Decreased vision and night blindness (nyctalopia) occur.

47
Q

hypertensive retinopathy

A

Disease of the retina associated with (secondary to) high blood pressure. Lesions such as narrowing of arterioles, microaneurysms, hemorrhages, and exudates (fluid leakage) are found on examination of the fundus.

48
Q

scler/o

A

sclera (white of the eye); hard

49
Q

corneoscleral

A

Pertaining to the cornea and scleral layers of the eye.

50
Q

scleritis

A

Inflammation of the sclera.

51
Q

uve/o

A

uvea; vascular layer of the eye (iris, ciliary body, and choroid)

52
Q

uveitis

A

Inflammation of the uvea (vascular layer of the eye).

53
Q

vitre/o

A

glassy

54
Q

vitreous humor

A

Clear, watery fluid filling the jelly-like mass (vitreous body) that fills the cavity of the eyeball.

55
Q

ambly/o

A

dull, dim

56
Q

amblyopia

A

Dullness of vision (can be caused by poor nutrition, trauma to the eye, or suppression of vision in one eye to avoid diplopia).

57
Q

dipl/o

A

double

58
Q

diplopia

A

Double vision (the perception of two images of a single object).

59
Q

glauc/o

A

gray

60
Q

glaucoma

A

Disease of the eye marked by increased intraocular pressure.

61
Q

mi/o

A

smaller, less

62
Q

miosis

A

Condition of contraction of the pupils.

63
Q

miotic

A

A drug (such as pilocarpine) that causes the pupil to contract.

64
Q

mydr/o

A

widen, enlarge

65
Q

mydriasis

A

Condition of enlargement of the pupils. Tropicamide, atropine, and cocaine cause dilation, or enlargement, of pupils.

66
Q

nyct/o

A

night

67
Q

nyctalopia

A

Condition of night blindness. Vision is poor at night but good on bright days. Deficiency of vitamin A leads to nyctalopia.

68
Q

phot/o

A

light

69
Q

photophobia

A

Condition of sensitivity to light.

70
Q

presby/o

A

old age

71
Q

presbyopia

A

Condition of defective vision with advancing age; loss of accommodation.

72
Q

scot/o

A

darkness

73
Q

scotoma

A

Area of depressed vision with advancing age; loss of accommodation.

74
Q

xer/o

A

dry

75
Q

xerophthalmia

A

Condition of dry eyes.

76
Q

-opia

A

vision

77
Q

hyperopia (hypermetropia)

A

Farsightedness (seeing or able to see for a great distance).

78
Q

-opsia

A

vision

79
Q

hemianopsia

A

Condition of absence of vision in half of a visual field.

80
Q

-tropia

A

to turn

81
Q

esotropia

A

Condition in which the eyes turn inward.

82
Q

hypotropia

A

Condition in which the eye wanders downwards.

83
Q

hypertropia

A

Condition in which the eye wanders upward.

84
Q

myopia

A

Nearsightedness (unable to see things clearly unless they are relatively close to the eyes).

85
Q

astigmatism

A

Defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye. This causes light rays to be unevenly and not sharply focused on the retina, so that the image is distorted.

Medical Terminology, LOM (88 decks)

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