Chap 15, Terminology, Muscles

Question 1

fasci/o

Answer 1

fascia (forms sheaths enveloping muscles)

Question 2

fasciotomy

Answer 2

Incision of fascia. Fascia is cut to relieve tension or pressure on muscles.

Question 3

fibr/o

Answer 3

fibrous connective tissue

Question 4

fibromyalgia

Answer 4

Pain of fibrous connective tissue and muscle. Chronic pain and stiffness in muscles, joints, and fibrous tissue, especially of the back, shoulders, neck, hips, and knees. Fatigue is a common complaint. Cause in unknown, and treatment includes physical therapy, stress relief methods, and medications such as Cymbalta (duloxetine) and Lyrica (pregabalin).

Question 5

leiomy/o

Answer 5

smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs

Question 6

leiomyoma

Answer 6

Tumor (benign) of a smooth, involuntary muscle.

Question 7

leiomyosarcoma

Answer 7

Malignant tumor of smooth, involuntary muscle.

Question 8

my/o

Answer 8

muscle

Question 9

myalgia

Answer 9

Pain of a muscle or muscle pain.

Question 10

electromyography

Answer 10

Process of recording the strength of muscle contraction as a result of electrical stimulation.

Question 11

myopathy

Answer 11

Disease of muscles.

Question 12

myocardi/o

Answer 12

heart muscle

Question 13

myocardial

Answer 13

Pertaining to heart muscle.

Question 14

myos/o

Answer 14

muscle

Question 15

myositis

Answer 15

Inflammation of muscles.

Question 16

plant/o

Answer 16

sole of the foot

Question 17

plantar flexion

Answer 17

Bending downward of the sole of the foot.

Question 18

rhabdomy/o

Answer 18

skeletal (striated) muscle connected to bones

Question 19

rhabdomyoma

Answer 19

Benign tumor of striated, voluntary muscle (attached to bones).

Question 20

rhabdomyosarcoma

Answer 20

Malignant tumor of striated, voluntary or skeletal muscle.

Question 21

sarc/o

Answer 21

muscle and flesh

Question 22

sarcopenia

Answer 22

Loss of muscle mass and strength associated with aging. Exercise and strength training can help preserve and enhance muscle mass at any age.

Question 23

-asthenia

Answer 23

lack of strength

Question 24

myasthenia gravis

Answer 24

Condition of muscle weakness caused by a failure in transmission of nervous impulses from a nerve to muscle cell.

Question 25

-trophy

Answer 25

development, nourishment

Question 26

atrophy

Answer 26

Decrease in size of a normally developed organ or tissue; wasting of tissue.

Question 27

hypertrophy

Answer 27

Excessive development (increase in cell size).

Question 28

amyotrophic

Answer 28

Pertaining to loss of muscle development

Question 29

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig disease)

Answer 29

Muscles deteriorate (paralysis occurs) as a result of degeneration of nerves in the spinal cord and lower region of the brain.

Question 30

ab-

Answer 30

away from

Question 31

abduction

Answer 31

Process of carrying away (muscle is pulled away from the midline of the body). Duct/o means to lead.

Question 32

ad-

Answer 32

toward

Question 33

adduction

Answer 33

Process of carrying toward (muscle is pulled toward the midline of the body).

Question 34

dorsi-

Answer 34

back

Question 35

dorsiflexion

Answer 35

Upward or backward flexion of a part of the body. Bending a part of the body as in the foot, toes or hand, fingers backward and upward.

Question 36

poly-

Answer 36

many, much

Question 37

polymyalgia

Answer 37

Pain of many muscles.

Question 38

polymyalgia rheumatica

Answer 38

is a syndrome marked by aching and morning stiffness in the shoulder, hip, or neck for longer than 1 month.